WGU C272- Foundational Perspectives of Education
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Foundations of Education - ✅✅✅The psychological, historical, philosophical, and sociological aspects
of the field of education that are considered essential to the professional knowledge of all teachers.
Lev Vygotsky - ✅✅✅Social Development Theory-
Social interaction among children plays a major role in cognitive development
Robert Havighurst - ✅✅✅Six Stages of Development and Growth-
Children must master specific developmental tasks to develop normally.
Jean Piaget - ✅✅✅Four Stages of Development-
Created theory of cognitive development, believed that children learn from facts, concepts, and
principles in four major stages- Sensorimotor, Pre-operational, Concrete Operations, & Formal
Operations
Jerome Bruner - ✅✅✅Three Modes of Representation-
Believes children encounter a series of developmental stages as they mature
Benjamin Bloom - ✅✅✅Author of Taxonomy of Educational Objectives-
Predict learning outcomes by assessing 3 factors
B.F. Skinner - ✅✅✅Behavioral Theory
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Frederick Douglass - ✅✅✅Improved vocational training for African Americans
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Booker T. Washington - ✅✅✅Tuskegee Institute-
African American educator who contributed immensely to the development of education in the United
States- Influence on African American Students
Maria Montessori - ✅✅✅Casa Dei Bambini-
Developed theory and methods of educating young children
Ella Flagg Young - ✅✅✅First female superintendent for Chicago Public Schools-
First female president of the National Education Association
Teacher-centered philosophies - ✅✅✅essentialism, behaviorism, positivism
Student-centered philosophies - ✅✅✅progressivism, humanism, constructivism
Essentialism - ✅✅✅-core information that educated people should know
-hard work and mental discpline
-teacher centered instruction
-draws from idealism and realism
-focus mainly on developing basic skills, not truths
Essentialism- In the classroom - ✅✅✅-purpose of education is to transmit culture and develop
citizens
-student is a learner, teacher instructs in essentials
-curriculum focuses on subject matter and content
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