The Napier Press CRIMINOLOGYWORKBOOKUNIT1

WJEC LEVEL 3 CRIMINOLOGY BOOK ONE




The Napier Press

CRIMINOLOGY
WORKBOOK
UNIT 1
Changing Awareness of Crime
Topic 1.1 Analyse different types of crime 2
Topic 1.2 Explain the reasons that certain crimes are unreported 16
Topic 1.3 Explain the consequences of unreported crime 24
Topic 1.4 Describe media representation of crime 34
Topic 1.5 Explain the impact of media representations on the
public perception of crime 42
Topic 1.6 Evaluate methods of collecting statistics about crime 55
Topic 2.1 Compare campaigns for change 67
Topic 2.2 Evaluate the effectiveness of media used in campaigns
for change 73
Topic 3.1 Plan a campaign for change relating to crime 84
Topic 3.2 Design materials for use in campaigning for change 93
Topic 3.3 Justify a campaign for change 102


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© 2019 Napier Press Limited. All rights reserved The Napier Press Criminology Unit One Workbook

,TOPIC 1.1 Analyse different types of crime
Learning Objectives .1
TOPIC
TOPIC Analyse different types
Analyse different types of crime
of crime




Topic 1.1
1.1 Getting Started




After studying this Topic, you should be able to:
Work ing on your own
Work ing on your own
1. Mak e a lis t of fiv e crim es that you hav e he ard abo ut rec en tly - the se
1. Mak e a lis t of fiv e cr im es that yo u hav e hear d abo ut rec en tly - the s e
cou ld be in yo ur loc al are a, natio n ally rep or te d or ev en international.
cou ld be in yo ur lo cal ar ea, natio n ally rep orte d or ev en in te rn atio nal.
2. For eac h of the crim es you hav e lis te d, w hic h pe op le ar e the vic tim s of
2. Fo r eac h of the cr im es you hav e lis te d, w hic h pe op le are the vic tim s of
this ty pe of cr im e an d wh o ar e the pe rp etr ato rs (th o se wh o com m it it)?
this ty pe of cr im e and wh o are the pe rp etr ato rs (th o se w ho co m m it it)?
3. W h y d o y ou th in k c er tain k in d s of cr im e re c e iv e a lot of m e d ia
3. W h y do y ou th in k ce r tain k ind s of c rim e re c e iv e a lot of m e d ia




- Analyse the following types of crime, using a range of relevant examples:
attention?
attention?
Sh ar e yo u r an s w e r s w ith th e pe r s on ne x t to y ou . Do yo u hav e sim ilar or
Sh ar e yo u r an s w e r s w ith th e pe r s on ne x t to y ou . Do yo u hav e sim ilar or
diffe r e n t an s w e r s ?
diffe r e n t an s w e r s ?




■ white collar
Th er e are m any diffe r en t cr im es . To m ak e se ns e of crim es , w e can gr oup the m in to diffe r e nt
Th er e are m an y diffe r e nt cr im es . To m ak e sen se of cr im es , we can gr ou p the m in to diffe r en t
ty pe s. Th is To pic will lo ok at a rang e of diffe r e nt ty pe s of cr im e.
ty pe s. Th is To p ic w ill look at a ran ge of diffe r en t ty pe s of crim e.



White
White collar
collar crime
crime


■ moral
W h ite co llar cr im es are cr im es that are co m m itte d by pe op le wh o ar e in a pos itio n of po w er
W h ite co llar cr im es are cr im es that are co m m itte d by pe op le w ho are in a po sitio n of pow e r
or auth or ity .
or auth o rity .

Criminal
Criminal offences
offences
W h ite co llar crim e co ve rs a w ide ran ge of offe n c es by bu sin es se s and pro fe s sio nals , in c lud ing
W h ite co llar cr im e co ve rs a w id e rang e of offe n ce s by bus ine ss es and pr ofe s s ionals , in c lud ing
de fr au din g cus to m e rs , tax ev as io n, br eak in g he alth and safe ty law s , pollu tin g the en vir onm en t,
de fr au din g cu sto m ers , tax ev as io n, bre ak ing he alth and safe ty law s , po llutin g the en vir onm en t,




state
and ille g ally disc rim inatin g ag ains t the ir em p loy ee s.
and ille g ally dis cr im in atin g ag ains t the ir em p lo ye es .

Victims
Victims and
and offenders
offenders
■
Th e cr im ino log is t Ed w in Suth e rlan d de fin e d w hite co llar crim e as: ‘a cr im e co m m itte d by a
Th e crim ino log ist Edw in Su th erlan d defin e d w hite co llar cr im e as : ‘a crim e com m itte d by a
pe rs on of res p ec tab ility and high soc ial statu s in the cou rs e of the ir occ u patio n ’.
pe rso n of resp e ctab ility and hig h soc ial statu s in the co ur se of the ir oc cu p atio n’.




Analyse different types of crime
Th is can in c lud e pe op le su ch as co m p any dire cto rs and m anag e rs , as w ell as pro fe s s io nals suc h
Th is can in c lud e peo ple suc h as com pan y dire c to rs and m an ag er s, as w ell as pr ofe s s ionals su ch




■ technological
as ac co un tan ts , law y e r s, doc to rs and de ntis ts .
as ac c ou ntan ts , law y er s, do cto r s an d de ntis ts .
• Corporate cri me W h en cr im e is co m m itte d by or on be half of a co m p any (fo r ex am ple , by
• chCorporate cri me W h en cr im e is co m m itte d by or on beh alf of a co m p any (fo r ex am p le, by
eatin g its cu sto m e rs or ev ad ing tax to in c re ase its pro fits ), this is kn ow n as co rp orate crim e.
ch eatin g its cu sto m e rs or ev ad ing tax to in c re ase its pro fits ), this is kn ow n as co rp orate crim e.
•
• Professional cri me W h en crim e is co m m itte d by pro fe s s io nals (fo r ex am ple , acc o un tan ts
Professional crime W h en crim e is co m m itte d by pro fe s sio nals (fo r ex am p le , ac co un tan ts
ste alin g the ir clien ts ’ fu nd s ), this is kn ow n as pr ofe s s ional crim e.
ste alin g the ir clien ts ’ fu nd s ), this is kn ow n as pr ofe s s ional crim e.

Victims W
Victims Whh ite
ite co
co llar
llar cr
crimim ee is
is som
som etim
etim ee ss said
said to
to be
be ‘vic
‘victim
tim les
le sss ’’ bu
butt in
in fac
fac tt the
the re
re are
are m
m any
an y victim
victim s:
s:




■ individual.
•
• Consumers For ex am p le , co m p anie s m ay m ak e fals e claim s w he n adv e rtis ing the ir pr od uc ts ,
Consumers Fo r ex am ple , co m p anie s m ay m ak e fals e claim s w he n adv e rtis ing the ir pr od uc ts ,
or
or se
se ll
ll unfit
unfit or
or dan
dan gg er
er ou
ou ss go
go od
od s.
s.
•
• Tax
Tax payer
payerss and
and the
the governm ent CCom
government o mppan
anieiess wwhhoo ev
evad
adee tax
tax are
ar e de
defrfraau
u ddin
ingg oth
otheerr tax
taxppay
a yeerrss
an
an dd dd ep
ep rr iv
iv in
in gg th
th ee gg ov
ov ee rr nn m
m ee nt
nt of
of fu
fu nn dd ss to
to pp ay
ay fo
fo rr pp ub
ub lic
lic se
se rr vv ic
ic ee ss ..

8




- Use the following points to analyse each type of crime:
■ types of victim

■ types of offender

■ level of public awareness

■ criminal, deviant or both.



Getting Started (page 8)

Write your answers to the Getting Started activity here.
1. Make a list of five crimes that you have heard about recently – these could be in your local
area, nationally reported or even international.




2. For each of the crimes you have listed, which people are the victims of this type of crime and
who are the perpetrators (those who commit it)?




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3. Why do you think certain kinds of crime receive a lot of media attention?




Share your answers with the person next to you. Do you have similar or different answers?




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© 2019 Napier Press Limited. All rights reserved The Napier Press Criminology Unit One Workbook

,White collar crime (pages 8-9)

1. Who are white collar crimes committed by?




Topic 1.1
2. Make a list of examples of white collar crimes.


3. What is Sutherland’s definition of white collar crime?




Analyse different types of crime
4. Give a brief definition of the following:
a. corporate crime


b. professional crime.


5. Explain how each of the following can be victims of white collar crime:
a. consumers


b. tax payers and the government


c. employees


d. the public at large.


6. Why is white collar crime often said to be invisible?




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7. Briefly explain the following reasons for the lack of awareness of white collar crime:
a. media coverage


b. under-reporting
Criminology

c. de-labelling


d. complexity.


e. power and respectability.


8. Briefly explain how white collar crime is both criminal and deviant.




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© 2019 Napier Press Limited. All rights reserved The Napier Press Criminology Unit One Workbook

, Box 1 Links to organised crime (page 9)




Topic 1.1
1. What is generally considered when referring to organised crime?



2. What other activities does organised crime involve?




Analyse different types of crime
Activity: Media White collar crime (page 9)
A. Write your answers here.
1. Why would people want to invest with Bernie Madoff?


2. What did the reports received by investors show about their investment?


3. What was really happening?


4. How did Madoff pay people their dividends and requests for money?


5. How did Madoff get away with his actions?


6. How did Madoff choose the rates of return that he offered to his clients?




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7. Why weren’t Madoff’s activities reported to the authorities?


8. Why did Madoff’s scheme initially hit a problem?


9. Who turned Madoff in to the authorities?
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10. Who were the victims of the scheme?


B. What does the case of Bernie Madoff show us about the nature of white collar crime? Write a
sentence on each of the following: its complexity; the level of harm caused; the social status
of the offenders; and the chances of catching and prosecuting offenders.




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© 2019 Napier Press Limited. All rights reserved The Napier Press Criminology Unit One Workbook