NYSTCE Multi-Subject (Birth-2): English
Language Arts
Semantics - ✔✔ correct answer -The meaning and interpretation of words, signs, and sentence structure
-Study within linguistics dealing with language and how we understand meaning
Nuance - ✔✔ correct answer Subtle differences in meaning or shades of meaning we associate with
words
Consonant blend - ✔✔ correct answer Two consonants, such as the letters 'b' and 'l' put together to
create one sound, or phoneme
Phonics - ✔✔ correct answer Teaching method used to help people learn to read and pronounce words
by recognizing the sounds that letters and letter groups make
Morpheme - ✔✔ correct answer Smallest unit of grammar
Syntax - ✔✔ correct answer -Arrangement of words and sentences to create meaning
Prefix - ✔✔ correct answer A morpheme that precedes a base morpheme
Base Morpheme - ✔✔ correct answer Morpheme that gives a word its essential meaning
Free Morpeheme - ✔✔ correct answer Morpheme that can functional as a stand-alone word.
Bound Morpheme - ✔✔ correct answer Exclusively attached to a free morpheme for meaning. Prefixes
and suffixes are the most common examples
Derivational Morphemes - ✔✔ correct answer -Can be either a suffix or a prefix, and they have the
ability to transform either the function or the meaning of a word
-Example: adding the suffix -less to the noun meaning
, NYSTCE Multi-Subject (Birth-2): English
Language Arts
Decoding (Phonics) - ✔✔ correct answer -Process of reading words in text
-Understand what the letters are, the sounds made by each letter and how they blend together to create
words
Encoding (Phonics) - ✔✔ correct answer -Process of using letter/sound knowledge to write
-Necessary to recall sounds and the symbols assigned to letters to write them together to form words.
Sound-Spelling - ✔✔ correct answer Transcribing speech sounds into written language, whether or not
the sounds are in context
Phonological Awareness - ✔✔ correct answer -Sense of the way letters and sounds connect to each
other and operate at the word and even syllable level
-Ability to hear, recognize, and manipulate sounds in speech
Blending - ✔✔ correct answer -Putting sounds together in order to make a word
-Read the separate sounds of a word as one cohesive unit
Dictation - ✔✔ correct answer -Students listen to the teacher saying words or sentences, and they then
transcribe what they hear into writing
Alphabetic Principle - ✔✔ correct answer -Knowledge of letter/sound relationships
Teaching the Alphabetic Principle (General Approach) - ✔✔ correct answer -Students first need to
recognize speech at its most basic level: the individual sounds or phonemes
-After determining students are phonemically aware, including the ability to manipulate sound into
segments and syllables, teach symbols for sounds (also known as letters).
-Practice new letter/sound relationships in reading, writing, manipulatives, etc.
Phonological Awareness: 2-4 Years - ✔✔ correct answer -Typically no phonological awareness skills until
around age 2
Language Arts
Semantics - ✔✔ correct answer -The meaning and interpretation of words, signs, and sentence structure
-Study within linguistics dealing with language and how we understand meaning
Nuance - ✔✔ correct answer Subtle differences in meaning or shades of meaning we associate with
words
Consonant blend - ✔✔ correct answer Two consonants, such as the letters 'b' and 'l' put together to
create one sound, or phoneme
Phonics - ✔✔ correct answer Teaching method used to help people learn to read and pronounce words
by recognizing the sounds that letters and letter groups make
Morpheme - ✔✔ correct answer Smallest unit of grammar
Syntax - ✔✔ correct answer -Arrangement of words and sentences to create meaning
Prefix - ✔✔ correct answer A morpheme that precedes a base morpheme
Base Morpheme - ✔✔ correct answer Morpheme that gives a word its essential meaning
Free Morpeheme - ✔✔ correct answer Morpheme that can functional as a stand-alone word.
Bound Morpheme - ✔✔ correct answer Exclusively attached to a free morpheme for meaning. Prefixes
and suffixes are the most common examples
Derivational Morphemes - ✔✔ correct answer -Can be either a suffix or a prefix, and they have the
ability to transform either the function or the meaning of a word
-Example: adding the suffix -less to the noun meaning
, NYSTCE Multi-Subject (Birth-2): English
Language Arts
Decoding (Phonics) - ✔✔ correct answer -Process of reading words in text
-Understand what the letters are, the sounds made by each letter and how they blend together to create
words
Encoding (Phonics) - ✔✔ correct answer -Process of using letter/sound knowledge to write
-Necessary to recall sounds and the symbols assigned to letters to write them together to form words.
Sound-Spelling - ✔✔ correct answer Transcribing speech sounds into written language, whether or not
the sounds are in context
Phonological Awareness - ✔✔ correct answer -Sense of the way letters and sounds connect to each
other and operate at the word and even syllable level
-Ability to hear, recognize, and manipulate sounds in speech
Blending - ✔✔ correct answer -Putting sounds together in order to make a word
-Read the separate sounds of a word as one cohesive unit
Dictation - ✔✔ correct answer -Students listen to the teacher saying words or sentences, and they then
transcribe what they hear into writing
Alphabetic Principle - ✔✔ correct answer -Knowledge of letter/sound relationships
Teaching the Alphabetic Principle (General Approach) - ✔✔ correct answer -Students first need to
recognize speech at its most basic level: the individual sounds or phonemes
-After determining students are phonemically aware, including the ability to manipulate sound into
segments and syllables, teach symbols for sounds (also known as letters).
-Practice new letter/sound relationships in reading, writing, manipulatives, etc.
Phonological Awareness: 2-4 Years - ✔✔ correct answer -Typically no phonological awareness skills until
around age 2
