Anatomy & Physiology (MBLEX)
Sarcomeres - ✔️✔️are the basic unit structures of a muscle. Is composed of lengthy
fibrous proteins called myosin (thick) and actin (thin) that slide past each other during
muscle contraction and relaxation. When they are grouped they become myofibrils and,
in this form, they become either light or dark bands depending on their myoglobin (iron
and oxygen binding protein) content.
Osteophyte - ✔️✔️Is the technical term for a bone spur. A bone spur is an abnormal
bone growth caused by old age, articular degeneration, disease or excessive wear and
tear during mechanical instability.
Diaphysis - ✔️✔️Is the relatively straight main body of a long bone and is also known
as the shaft. A great example is the long part shaft of the femur.
Subscapularis - ✔️✔️Is muscle is a powerful postural muscle of the shoulder
originating on the subscapular fossa and inserting into the lesser tubercle of the
humerous. Its location between the scapula and posterior rib cage makes it difficult to
access and palpate during massage. The difficulty to stretch and release adhesions
within this muscle is a major contributing factor to frozen shoulder.
The carotid arteries - ✔️✔️Are located in the anterior portion of the neck known as the
anterior triangle. The carotids regulate blood flow to the brain which can cause
dizziness or fainting if occluded. There is also a risk of arterial plaque buildup which can
be accidentally broken free during massage and can cause a stroke. The carotids are a
contraindicated endangerment site.
Pancreas - ✔️✔️Insulin and glucagon are hormones released from which anatomical
structure?
33 - ✔️✔️In a normal human body, there are ______ vertebrae. They are: 7 cervical,
12 thoracic, 5 lumbar which makes 24. Then there are 9 fused vertebrae that comprise
the sacrum and coccyx.
Lymphatic system - ✔️✔️This system plays a substantial role in a healthy functioning
immune system. Lymphoid tissues are found throughout the body and help the body
defend against disease, infections or the spread of tumors.
The endocrine system - ✔️✔️is a series of glands which secrete specific types of
hormones directly into the blood stream to aid and assist in the regulation of various
functions within the body. These functions include growth and development,
metabolism, tissue functions and emotional states.
, Smooth muscle - ✔️✔️is also known as involuntary muscle and is found within the
walls of organs, blood vessels and within the skin but not in the heart. The muscles are
labeled involuntary because they contract without conscious control. The heart
contracts involuntarily but the heart is comprised of a separate classification of cardiac
muscle. Smooth muscle is formed of thin layers of unstriated cells.
Abdominal - ✔️✔️Although the gut runs through the thoracic and pelvic cavity, it is
mostly located in the ______________ cavity and it is in the gut that the largest storage
of serotonin exists within the body. The gut is known as the second brain and makes up
the enteric nervous system which includes tissue sheaths that line the esophagus,
stomach, small intestine and colons. This would explain why people feel butterflies in
their stomach when they are nervous, fearful or excited.
Circulatory - ✔️✔️Erythrocytes or red blood cells in ____________ the system carry
oxygen (and nutrients) to the cells of the body and transport waste from cells to be
processed by other body systems
Peristalsis - ✔️✔️Is the symmetrical contraction and relaxation of the smooth muscles
that moves contents such as food through the digestive system
Acetabulum - ✔️✔️Is the concave surface of the pelvis that holds the head of the
femur, forming the hip joint. This structure is comprised of three bones: the ischium, the
ilium and the pubis.
Hyaline cartilage - ✔️✔️(also known as gristle) is located on most joint surfaces and
provides the necessary flexible support for proper joint functions. It is a fairly simple
structure with no nerves or blood vessels and is shiny or pearly blue in color. The
collagen in hyaline cartilage gives it incredible tensile strength and the presence of
ground substance adds to its ability to withstand incredible amounts of pressure.
Collagen - ✔️✔️Is the main component of connective tissue and is abundant
throughout the human body. In addition to blood vessels, bones and tendons, it can also
be found in skin, ligaments, cartilage, intervertebral discs and throughout the human
body.
Epiphysis - ✔️✔️An __________ describes the round end of a long bone such as the
femur.
Basal metabolism - ✔️✔️Is the term used to describe the minimum daily caloric intake
required by the body to stay alive while at rest. Basal metabolism is the balance
between constructive and destructive metabolism.
Sarcomeres - ✔️✔️are the basic unit structures of a muscle. Is composed of lengthy
fibrous proteins called myosin (thick) and actin (thin) that slide past each other during
muscle contraction and relaxation. When they are grouped they become myofibrils and,
in this form, they become either light or dark bands depending on their myoglobin (iron
and oxygen binding protein) content.
Osteophyte - ✔️✔️Is the technical term for a bone spur. A bone spur is an abnormal
bone growth caused by old age, articular degeneration, disease or excessive wear and
tear during mechanical instability.
Diaphysis - ✔️✔️Is the relatively straight main body of a long bone and is also known
as the shaft. A great example is the long part shaft of the femur.
Subscapularis - ✔️✔️Is muscle is a powerful postural muscle of the shoulder
originating on the subscapular fossa and inserting into the lesser tubercle of the
humerous. Its location between the scapula and posterior rib cage makes it difficult to
access and palpate during massage. The difficulty to stretch and release adhesions
within this muscle is a major contributing factor to frozen shoulder.
The carotid arteries - ✔️✔️Are located in the anterior portion of the neck known as the
anterior triangle. The carotids regulate blood flow to the brain which can cause
dizziness or fainting if occluded. There is also a risk of arterial plaque buildup which can
be accidentally broken free during massage and can cause a stroke. The carotids are a
contraindicated endangerment site.
Pancreas - ✔️✔️Insulin and glucagon are hormones released from which anatomical
structure?
33 - ✔️✔️In a normal human body, there are ______ vertebrae. They are: 7 cervical,
12 thoracic, 5 lumbar which makes 24. Then there are 9 fused vertebrae that comprise
the sacrum and coccyx.
Lymphatic system - ✔️✔️This system plays a substantial role in a healthy functioning
immune system. Lymphoid tissues are found throughout the body and help the body
defend against disease, infections or the spread of tumors.
The endocrine system - ✔️✔️is a series of glands which secrete specific types of
hormones directly into the blood stream to aid and assist in the regulation of various
functions within the body. These functions include growth and development,
metabolism, tissue functions and emotional states.
, Smooth muscle - ✔️✔️is also known as involuntary muscle and is found within the
walls of organs, blood vessels and within the skin but not in the heart. The muscles are
labeled involuntary because they contract without conscious control. The heart
contracts involuntarily but the heart is comprised of a separate classification of cardiac
muscle. Smooth muscle is formed of thin layers of unstriated cells.
Abdominal - ✔️✔️Although the gut runs through the thoracic and pelvic cavity, it is
mostly located in the ______________ cavity and it is in the gut that the largest storage
of serotonin exists within the body. The gut is known as the second brain and makes up
the enteric nervous system which includes tissue sheaths that line the esophagus,
stomach, small intestine and colons. This would explain why people feel butterflies in
their stomach when they are nervous, fearful or excited.
Circulatory - ✔️✔️Erythrocytes or red blood cells in ____________ the system carry
oxygen (and nutrients) to the cells of the body and transport waste from cells to be
processed by other body systems
Peristalsis - ✔️✔️Is the symmetrical contraction and relaxation of the smooth muscles
that moves contents such as food through the digestive system
Acetabulum - ✔️✔️Is the concave surface of the pelvis that holds the head of the
femur, forming the hip joint. This structure is comprised of three bones: the ischium, the
ilium and the pubis.
Hyaline cartilage - ✔️✔️(also known as gristle) is located on most joint surfaces and
provides the necessary flexible support for proper joint functions. It is a fairly simple
structure with no nerves or blood vessels and is shiny or pearly blue in color. The
collagen in hyaline cartilage gives it incredible tensile strength and the presence of
ground substance adds to its ability to withstand incredible amounts of pressure.
Collagen - ✔️✔️Is the main component of connective tissue and is abundant
throughout the human body. In addition to blood vessels, bones and tendons, it can also
be found in skin, ligaments, cartilage, intervertebral discs and throughout the human
body.
Epiphysis - ✔️✔️An __________ describes the round end of a long bone such as the
femur.
Basal metabolism - ✔️✔️Is the term used to describe the minimum daily caloric intake
required by the body to stay alive while at rest. Basal metabolism is the balance
between constructive and destructive metabolism.
