week 5:Pathophysiology Week 5 NR283: NR283
Circulatory shock results from... - ANSWER:An acute failure of the circulatory system to supply peripheral
tissues and organs of the body with an adequate blood supply, resulting in cellular hypoxia
Blood pressure = - ANSWER:Cardiac Output × Peripheral Resistance
Which of the following affect CO and which affect PR:
1. Blood volume
2. Heart rate
3. Vasoconstriction
4. Angiotensin 2
5. Aldosterone
6. Epinepherine
7. Histamine - ANSWER:1. CO: if you have more blood you can pump out more.
2. CO: because CO is = stroke volume × HR
3. PR: afterload
4. CO: ang 2 ↑ blood volume, PR: vasocontricts blood vessels
5. CO: aldosterone retains Na, which retains H20
6. PR: ↑ contractility, CO: ↑ HR
7. PR: vasodilation, CO: ↑ capillary permeability, which increase blood volume.
Inadequate cellular oxygen may result from:
(3) - ANSWER:1. Decreased cardiac output
2. Maldistribution of blood flow
3. Reduced blood oxygen content
Impaired tissue oxygenation results in cellular hypoxia, causing:
(3) - ANSWER:1. Anaerobic metabolism
2. Free radical production
3. Macrophage induction
, Impaired tissue oxygenation results in cellular hypoxia, causing? - ANSWER:activation of coagulation
Compensatory mechanisms of shock:
(3) - ANSWER:1. Compensatory stage: homeostatic mechanisms are sufficient to maintain adequate
tissue perfusion despite a reduction in CO
2. SNS activation attempts to maintain BP even though CO has fallen
3. Progressive stage of shock is marked by hypotension and marked tissue hypoxia:
What happens when your body goes in anaerobic metabolism because it doesn't have enough oxygen? -
ANSWER:It creates a lot of waste products, like lactic acid, in your body.
You only make 2 ATP versus 32 ATP per glucose.
How does the body compensate for shock? - ANSWER:It tries to maintain tissue perfusion by activating
the SNS, which tries to maintain blood pressure.
If the body is unable to compensate for shock what can happen? - ANSWER:Hypertension, tissue
hypoxia, lactic acid, you go into anaerobic metabolism, which then you are making less ATP.
What happens when your body begins to makes less ATP than normal? - ANSWER:You experience
cellular swelling.
what is cellular swelling? - ANSWER:When your cells start to swell because the NA/K+ pump is not
working, and the Na is not able to be pumped out of the cell which then causes swelling.
what can cellular swelling lead to? - ANSWER:it can lead to the cells becoming non-functional and then
death.
Compensatory mechanisms of shock: - ANSWER:1. Compensatory stage: homeostatic mechanisms are
sufficient to maintain adequate tissue perfusion despite a reduction in CO
2. SNS activation attempts to maintain BP even though CO has fallen
Progressive stage of shock is marked by 1. _____ and 2. ________. - ANSWER:1. hypotension
2. marked tissue hypoxia
In the progressive stage of shock, what things occur in tissue hypoxia? - ANSWER:1.Lactate production
increases with anaerobic metabolism
2.Lack of ATP leads to cellular swelling, dysfunction, death
3. Cellular and organ dysfunction result from oxygen-free radicals, release of inflammatory cytokines,
and activation of the clotting cascade
What are the 4 classifications of shock? - ANSWER:1. hypovelemic
Circulatory shock results from... - ANSWER:An acute failure of the circulatory system to supply peripheral
tissues and organs of the body with an adequate blood supply, resulting in cellular hypoxia
Blood pressure = - ANSWER:Cardiac Output × Peripheral Resistance
Which of the following affect CO and which affect PR:
1. Blood volume
2. Heart rate
3. Vasoconstriction
4. Angiotensin 2
5. Aldosterone
6. Epinepherine
7. Histamine - ANSWER:1. CO: if you have more blood you can pump out more.
2. CO: because CO is = stroke volume × HR
3. PR: afterload
4. CO: ang 2 ↑ blood volume, PR: vasocontricts blood vessels
5. CO: aldosterone retains Na, which retains H20
6. PR: ↑ contractility, CO: ↑ HR
7. PR: vasodilation, CO: ↑ capillary permeability, which increase blood volume.
Inadequate cellular oxygen may result from:
(3) - ANSWER:1. Decreased cardiac output
2. Maldistribution of blood flow
3. Reduced blood oxygen content
Impaired tissue oxygenation results in cellular hypoxia, causing:
(3) - ANSWER:1. Anaerobic metabolism
2. Free radical production
3. Macrophage induction
, Impaired tissue oxygenation results in cellular hypoxia, causing? - ANSWER:activation of coagulation
Compensatory mechanisms of shock:
(3) - ANSWER:1. Compensatory stage: homeostatic mechanisms are sufficient to maintain adequate
tissue perfusion despite a reduction in CO
2. SNS activation attempts to maintain BP even though CO has fallen
3. Progressive stage of shock is marked by hypotension and marked tissue hypoxia:
What happens when your body goes in anaerobic metabolism because it doesn't have enough oxygen? -
ANSWER:It creates a lot of waste products, like lactic acid, in your body.
You only make 2 ATP versus 32 ATP per glucose.
How does the body compensate for shock? - ANSWER:It tries to maintain tissue perfusion by activating
the SNS, which tries to maintain blood pressure.
If the body is unable to compensate for shock what can happen? - ANSWER:Hypertension, tissue
hypoxia, lactic acid, you go into anaerobic metabolism, which then you are making less ATP.
What happens when your body begins to makes less ATP than normal? - ANSWER:You experience
cellular swelling.
what is cellular swelling? - ANSWER:When your cells start to swell because the NA/K+ pump is not
working, and the Na is not able to be pumped out of the cell which then causes swelling.
what can cellular swelling lead to? - ANSWER:it can lead to the cells becoming non-functional and then
death.
Compensatory mechanisms of shock: - ANSWER:1. Compensatory stage: homeostatic mechanisms are
sufficient to maintain adequate tissue perfusion despite a reduction in CO
2. SNS activation attempts to maintain BP even though CO has fallen
Progressive stage of shock is marked by 1. _____ and 2. ________. - ANSWER:1. hypotension
2. marked tissue hypoxia
In the progressive stage of shock, what things occur in tissue hypoxia? - ANSWER:1.Lactate production
increases with anaerobic metabolism
2.Lack of ATP leads to cellular swelling, dysfunction, death
3. Cellular and organ dysfunction result from oxygen-free radicals, release of inflammatory cytokines,
and activation of the clotting cascade
What are the 4 classifications of shock? - ANSWER:1. hypovelemic
