week 5:Pathophysiology Week 5 NR283: NR283
What occurs during osmosis?
Water moves from an area of lower solute concentration to area of higher solute concentration
Sodium ions move through a semipermeable membrane
Water moves from an area of higher solute concentration to an area of lower solute concentration
Chloride ions follow the movement of sodium ions to a region of low concentration - ANSWER:Water
moves from an area of lower solute concentration to area of higher solute concentration
What is the difference is osmotic pressure between the two bottles of cola below?
The osmotic pressure is the same between both bottles
The bottle on the right has higher osmotic pressure
There is no osmotic pressure
The bottle on the left has lower osmotic pressure - ANSWER:The osmotic pressure is the same between
both bottles
Which hormones will the body use when there is too much fluid (fluid overload) or too little fluid
(dehydration)? (Select all that apply.)
Atrial natriuretic peptide
Aldosterone
Anti-diuretic hormone
Oxytocin - ANSWER:Atrial natriuretic peptide
Aldosterone
Anti-diuretic hormone
The hormones aldosterone and ADH both have an important function in which aspect of homeostasis?
Stimulation of a conscious desire for water
The regulation of acid concentration in the body
,The activity of buffer systems
Fluid balance in the body - ANSWER:Fluid balance in the body
When the osmoreceptors detect a decreased blood volume and increased blood concentration of salt
what function increases in the body?
Secretion of saliva
Progesterone secretion
Kidney activity
Thirst - ANSWER:thirst
Other than measuring fluid intake and output, how can fluid changes be accurately measured in the
body? (Select all that apply.)
Urinary frequency
Weight
Blood pressure
EKG
Fluid challenge - ANSWER:Urinary frequency
weight
Identify whether the signs and symptoms below relate to mild/moderate, or severe dehydration.
Thirst
Dry, warm skin
Feeling dizzy
Muscle cramps
Sunken eyes
Dry or sticky mouth
Dry, cool skin
Fainting
Rapid heartbeat - ANSWER:Mild to Moderate:
, Thirst, muscle cramps, dry or sticky mouth, dry, cool skin
Severe:
Dry, warm skin, feeling dizzy, sunken eyes, fainting, rapid heartbeat
Match the type of dehydration with the correct definition below. - ANSWER:Isotonic - The interpretation
of the patient's lab work indicated they lose fluid and electrolytes equally.
Hypotonic - The interpretation of the patient's lab work indicated they lost more electrolytes than fluid
were lost.
Hypertonic - The interpretation of the patient's lab work indicated they lost more fluid than electrolytes
were lost.
Why are babies and older adults at higher risk of dehydration? Select all that apply.
Older adults are not focused
Both babies and older adults lack fluid reserves in the body
Babies cry a lot
Babies' inability to vocalize
Decreased thirst sensation in older adults - ANSWER:Both babies and older adults lack fluid reserves in
the body
Babies' inability to vocalize
Decreased thirst sensation in older adult
Based on what you know about - ANSWER:Hypertonic
Based on the assessment data below, what hypothesis can be made about her underlying condition?
She should eat at home more often.
Her diet contains too much sodium.
She has food poisoning.
She is dehydrated. - ANSWER:She is dehydrated
Which external signs of severe dehydration would you look for in this patient? (Select all that apply.)
Confusion
What occurs during osmosis?
Water moves from an area of lower solute concentration to area of higher solute concentration
Sodium ions move through a semipermeable membrane
Water moves from an area of higher solute concentration to an area of lower solute concentration
Chloride ions follow the movement of sodium ions to a region of low concentration - ANSWER:Water
moves from an area of lower solute concentration to area of higher solute concentration
What is the difference is osmotic pressure between the two bottles of cola below?
The osmotic pressure is the same between both bottles
The bottle on the right has higher osmotic pressure
There is no osmotic pressure
The bottle on the left has lower osmotic pressure - ANSWER:The osmotic pressure is the same between
both bottles
Which hormones will the body use when there is too much fluid (fluid overload) or too little fluid
(dehydration)? (Select all that apply.)
Atrial natriuretic peptide
Aldosterone
Anti-diuretic hormone
Oxytocin - ANSWER:Atrial natriuretic peptide
Aldosterone
Anti-diuretic hormone
The hormones aldosterone and ADH both have an important function in which aspect of homeostasis?
Stimulation of a conscious desire for water
The regulation of acid concentration in the body
,The activity of buffer systems
Fluid balance in the body - ANSWER:Fluid balance in the body
When the osmoreceptors detect a decreased blood volume and increased blood concentration of salt
what function increases in the body?
Secretion of saliva
Progesterone secretion
Kidney activity
Thirst - ANSWER:thirst
Other than measuring fluid intake and output, how can fluid changes be accurately measured in the
body? (Select all that apply.)
Urinary frequency
Weight
Blood pressure
EKG
Fluid challenge - ANSWER:Urinary frequency
weight
Identify whether the signs and symptoms below relate to mild/moderate, or severe dehydration.
Thirst
Dry, warm skin
Feeling dizzy
Muscle cramps
Sunken eyes
Dry or sticky mouth
Dry, cool skin
Fainting
Rapid heartbeat - ANSWER:Mild to Moderate:
, Thirst, muscle cramps, dry or sticky mouth, dry, cool skin
Severe:
Dry, warm skin, feeling dizzy, sunken eyes, fainting, rapid heartbeat
Match the type of dehydration with the correct definition below. - ANSWER:Isotonic - The interpretation
of the patient's lab work indicated they lose fluid and electrolytes equally.
Hypotonic - The interpretation of the patient's lab work indicated they lost more electrolytes than fluid
were lost.
Hypertonic - The interpretation of the patient's lab work indicated they lost more fluid than electrolytes
were lost.
Why are babies and older adults at higher risk of dehydration? Select all that apply.
Older adults are not focused
Both babies and older adults lack fluid reserves in the body
Babies cry a lot
Babies' inability to vocalize
Decreased thirst sensation in older adults - ANSWER:Both babies and older adults lack fluid reserves in
the body
Babies' inability to vocalize
Decreased thirst sensation in older adult
Based on what you know about - ANSWER:Hypertonic
Based on the assessment data below, what hypothesis can be made about her underlying condition?
She should eat at home more often.
Her diet contains too much sodium.
She has food poisoning.
She is dehydrated. - ANSWER:She is dehydrated
Which external signs of severe dehydration would you look for in this patient? (Select all that apply.)
Confusion
