Test Bank Complete_ Karp’s Cell and Molecular Biology
9th Edition, Gerald Karp (Author), Janet Iwasa
(Author), Wallace Marshall (Author) All Chapters 1-18
organelles of the endomembrane system - ANSWEREndoplasmic reticulum
Golgi complex
Endosomes
Lysosomes
Vacuoles
2 distinct pathways through the cytoplasm - ANSWERbiosynthetic/secretory pathway
endocytic pathway
Proteins are synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), undergo modifications in
the Golgi apparatus, and are then transported to specific destinations such as the
plasma membrane, lysosomes, or the large vacuole of plant cells through the -
ANSWERbiosynthetic/secretory pathway
involves the movement of materials from the outer surface of the cell to internal
compartments like endosomes and lysosomes, where they undergo degradation by
lysosomal enzymes within the cytoplasm. - ANSWERendocytic pathway
Why is biosynthetic pathway also referred to as "secretory pathway"? -
ANSWERProteins synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum and complex
polysaccharides from the Golgi complex are released or exocytosed from the cell
because they are destined for secretion.
two types of secretory activities - ANSWERconstitutive secretion
regulated secretion
where materials are continually transported in secretory vesicles from their
production sites and released into the extracellular space without the need for
specific signals or stimuli. - ANSWERconstitutive secretion
involves storing materials in membrane-bound packages within the cell, and they are
only released in response to specific stimuli or signals. - ANSWERregulated secretion
known for their elaborate endomembrane system, play a key role in producing and
releasing digestive enzymes for food digestion. - ANSWERpancreatic acinar cells
is like taking a picture of where radioactively labeled substances are in cells: you
cover tissue with a special film, and the radiation from the labeled materials exposes
the film, showing where they are located. - ANSWERautoradiography
2 Nobel prize awardees in membrane trafficking - ANSWERJames Jamieson
George Palade
, who traced the sites where secretory proteins are made by incubating pancreatic
tissue slices in a solution with radioactive amino acids? During this short period,
living cells absorbed these labeled amino acids, incorporating them into digestive
enzymes being produced on ribosomes. They then quickly fixed the tissues and used
autoradiography to identify where proteins with labeled amino acids were
synthesized, leading to the discovery that the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the site
where secretory proteins are made. - ANSWERJames Jamieson
George Palade
is like a network of membranes throughout the cell, kind of formed from folds in the
cell membrane, and, just like other cell parts, it's always changing and reorganizing
itself. - ANSWERendoplasmic reticulum (ER)
two subcompartments of ER - ANSWERrough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)
smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)
is a structure in the cell defined by the ribosomes on its surface, made up of flat sacs,
and it's like an extension of the outer membrane of the nucleus, which also has
ribosomes on its surface. - ANSWERrough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)
is a network of curved tubes in the cell that doesn't have ribosomes, creating a kind
of pipeline system throughout the cell, and when you break the cell apart, these
tubes turn into smooth vesicles. - ANSWERsmooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)
functions of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum - ANSWERSynthesis of steroid
hormones (in endocrine cells of the gonad and adrenal
cortex)
Detoxification in the liver from barbiturates (prevents convulsion and seizures)
and ethanol
Sequestering calcium ions within the cytoplasm of cells
Synthesis of steroid hormones (in endocrine cells of the gonad and adrenal
cortex) - ANSWERadrenal cortex
adrenal medulla
adrenal cortex - ANSWERcortisol (stress hormone)
aldosterone (regulates bp)
androgen (for early development of male sex organs)
adrenal medulla - ANSWERadrenaline / epinephrine (fight and flight response)
norepinephrine (transmits nerve signals in synapsis)
happens with the help of oxygen-transferring enzymes, mainly the cytochrome P450
family, which can transform various hydrophobic compounds into easier-to-excrete
forms. While these "detoxifying" enzymes in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum
(SER) can sometimes have negative effects, like turning charred meat into a potent
9th Edition, Gerald Karp (Author), Janet Iwasa
(Author), Wallace Marshall (Author) All Chapters 1-18
organelles of the endomembrane system - ANSWEREndoplasmic reticulum
Golgi complex
Endosomes
Lysosomes
Vacuoles
2 distinct pathways through the cytoplasm - ANSWERbiosynthetic/secretory pathway
endocytic pathway
Proteins are synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), undergo modifications in
the Golgi apparatus, and are then transported to specific destinations such as the
plasma membrane, lysosomes, or the large vacuole of plant cells through the -
ANSWERbiosynthetic/secretory pathway
involves the movement of materials from the outer surface of the cell to internal
compartments like endosomes and lysosomes, where they undergo degradation by
lysosomal enzymes within the cytoplasm. - ANSWERendocytic pathway
Why is biosynthetic pathway also referred to as "secretory pathway"? -
ANSWERProteins synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum and complex
polysaccharides from the Golgi complex are released or exocytosed from the cell
because they are destined for secretion.
two types of secretory activities - ANSWERconstitutive secretion
regulated secretion
where materials are continually transported in secretory vesicles from their
production sites and released into the extracellular space without the need for
specific signals or stimuli. - ANSWERconstitutive secretion
involves storing materials in membrane-bound packages within the cell, and they are
only released in response to specific stimuli or signals. - ANSWERregulated secretion
known for their elaborate endomembrane system, play a key role in producing and
releasing digestive enzymes for food digestion. - ANSWERpancreatic acinar cells
is like taking a picture of where radioactively labeled substances are in cells: you
cover tissue with a special film, and the radiation from the labeled materials exposes
the film, showing where they are located. - ANSWERautoradiography
2 Nobel prize awardees in membrane trafficking - ANSWERJames Jamieson
George Palade
, who traced the sites where secretory proteins are made by incubating pancreatic
tissue slices in a solution with radioactive amino acids? During this short period,
living cells absorbed these labeled amino acids, incorporating them into digestive
enzymes being produced on ribosomes. They then quickly fixed the tissues and used
autoradiography to identify where proteins with labeled amino acids were
synthesized, leading to the discovery that the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the site
where secretory proteins are made. - ANSWERJames Jamieson
George Palade
is like a network of membranes throughout the cell, kind of formed from folds in the
cell membrane, and, just like other cell parts, it's always changing and reorganizing
itself. - ANSWERendoplasmic reticulum (ER)
two subcompartments of ER - ANSWERrough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)
smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)
is a structure in the cell defined by the ribosomes on its surface, made up of flat sacs,
and it's like an extension of the outer membrane of the nucleus, which also has
ribosomes on its surface. - ANSWERrough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)
is a network of curved tubes in the cell that doesn't have ribosomes, creating a kind
of pipeline system throughout the cell, and when you break the cell apart, these
tubes turn into smooth vesicles. - ANSWERsmooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)
functions of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum - ANSWERSynthesis of steroid
hormones (in endocrine cells of the gonad and adrenal
cortex)
Detoxification in the liver from barbiturates (prevents convulsion and seizures)
and ethanol
Sequestering calcium ions within the cytoplasm of cells
Synthesis of steroid hormones (in endocrine cells of the gonad and adrenal
cortex) - ANSWERadrenal cortex
adrenal medulla
adrenal cortex - ANSWERcortisol (stress hormone)
aldosterone (regulates bp)
androgen (for early development of male sex organs)
adrenal medulla - ANSWERadrenaline / epinephrine (fight and flight response)
norepinephrine (transmits nerve signals in synapsis)
happens with the help of oxygen-transferring enzymes, mainly the cytochrome P450
family, which can transform various hydrophobic compounds into easier-to-excrete
forms. While these "detoxifying" enzymes in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum
(SER) can sometimes have negative effects, like turning charred meat into a potent
