NURS 661 Exam 1 Study Guide
Define and identify symptoms of dystonia - ANSWER:Involuntary muscle contractions that cause
repetitive twisting movements.
The condition can affect one part of the body- focal dystonia; two or more adjacent parts- segmental; or
all parts- general dystonia.
Cervical dystonia- cause head to twist and turn to one side.
Eyelids- rapid blinking or involuntary spasms
Jaw/tongue- slurred speech, drooling, difficulty chewing
hand/forearm- repetitive activity (writers or musicians dystonia)
Define and identify symptoms of aprosodia - ANSWER:" Neurological condition characterized by the
inability of a person to properly convey or interpret emotional prasody (ranges of rhythm, pitch, stress,
intonation).
Differentiate between short term and long-term memory - ANSWER:" Short term- 30 seconds to several
days
" Long term- weeks, months, years
" Vascular dementia and alzheimer's affect short term memory first.
WHAT IS AN ILLUSION - ANSWER:are distortions of real images or sensations. Illusions can occur in
schizophrenia patients during active phases but can also occur during the prodromal phases and during
periods of remissions.
WHAT IS A HALLUCINATION - ANSWER:any of the five senses may be affected. The most common are
auditory with voices that are often threatening, obscene, accusatory, or insulting. Two or more voices
may converse among themselves or a voice may comment on the patient's life or behavior. Visual
hallucinations are common but tactile olfactory and gustatory hallucinations are unusual (their presence
should prompt clinician to consider underlying medical or neurological disorder).
WHAT IS A DELUSION? - ANSWER:may assume persecutory, grandiose, religious, or somatic forms. Fixed
beliefs that do not change.
Identify standards for determining competency - ANSWER:Decisional Capacity; ability to communicate a
choice/ability to understand information necessary for the specific decision at hand/ ability to appreciate
the implications and significance of the provided information or the choice of being made/ ability to
reason by weighting the comparing options as well as consequences of the potential decision.
Know basic principles of why an MRI would be an appropriate study for a dementia diagnosis (kaplan
715) - ANSWER:differentiate between dementia of Alzheimer's Type and vascular dementia more
straightforward. Area of research is the single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) to detect
, patterns of brain metabolism in dementia types. The use of these images may soon help in clinical
differential diagnosis of dementing illness.
What are the core symptoms needed to meet the criteria for DSM 5 premenstrual dysphoric disorder -
ANSWER:" One or more of the following must be present"
" Marked affective lability (mood swings, suddenly sad or tearful, increased sensitivity to rejection)
" Marked irritability or anger or increased interpersonal conflicts
" Marked depressed mood, feelings of hopelessness, or self deprecating thoughts,
" Marked anxiety, tension, and or feelings of being keyed up or on edge
" ONE OR MORE OF THE FOLLOWING MUST ADDITIONALLY BE PRESENT TO REACH A TOTAL OF 5
SYMPTOMS when combined with above criteria.
" Decreased interest in usual activities
" Subjective difficulty in concentration
" Lethargy, easily fatigability, marked lack of energy
" Marked change in appetite, overeating or specific food cravings
" Hypersomnia or insomnia
" Sense of being overwhelmed or out of control
" Physical symptoms such as breast tenderness or swelling, joint or muscle pain, a sense of bloating or
weight gain.
WHAT ARE THE AGES OF Early Adolescence - ANSWER:(Approximately 12-14 years of age)
Movement Toward Independence - early adolescence - ANSWER:" Struggle with sense of identity;
" Moodiness;
" Improved abilities to use speech to express oneself;
" More likely to express feelings by action than by words;
" Close friendships gain importance;
" Less attention shown to parents, with occasional rudeness;
" Realization that parents are not perfect; identification of their faults;
" Search for new people to love in addition to parents;
" Tendency to return to childish behavior;
" Peer group influences interests and clothing styles.
Future interests and Cognitive Development - early adolescence - ANSWER:" Increasing career interests;
Define and identify symptoms of dystonia - ANSWER:Involuntary muscle contractions that cause
repetitive twisting movements.
The condition can affect one part of the body- focal dystonia; two or more adjacent parts- segmental; or
all parts- general dystonia.
Cervical dystonia- cause head to twist and turn to one side.
Eyelids- rapid blinking or involuntary spasms
Jaw/tongue- slurred speech, drooling, difficulty chewing
hand/forearm- repetitive activity (writers or musicians dystonia)
Define and identify symptoms of aprosodia - ANSWER:" Neurological condition characterized by the
inability of a person to properly convey or interpret emotional prasody (ranges of rhythm, pitch, stress,
intonation).
Differentiate between short term and long-term memory - ANSWER:" Short term- 30 seconds to several
days
" Long term- weeks, months, years
" Vascular dementia and alzheimer's affect short term memory first.
WHAT IS AN ILLUSION - ANSWER:are distortions of real images or sensations. Illusions can occur in
schizophrenia patients during active phases but can also occur during the prodromal phases and during
periods of remissions.
WHAT IS A HALLUCINATION - ANSWER:any of the five senses may be affected. The most common are
auditory with voices that are often threatening, obscene, accusatory, or insulting. Two or more voices
may converse among themselves or a voice may comment on the patient's life or behavior. Visual
hallucinations are common but tactile olfactory and gustatory hallucinations are unusual (their presence
should prompt clinician to consider underlying medical or neurological disorder).
WHAT IS A DELUSION? - ANSWER:may assume persecutory, grandiose, religious, or somatic forms. Fixed
beliefs that do not change.
Identify standards for determining competency - ANSWER:Decisional Capacity; ability to communicate a
choice/ability to understand information necessary for the specific decision at hand/ ability to appreciate
the implications and significance of the provided information or the choice of being made/ ability to
reason by weighting the comparing options as well as consequences of the potential decision.
Know basic principles of why an MRI would be an appropriate study for a dementia diagnosis (kaplan
715) - ANSWER:differentiate between dementia of Alzheimer's Type and vascular dementia more
straightforward. Area of research is the single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) to detect
, patterns of brain metabolism in dementia types. The use of these images may soon help in clinical
differential diagnosis of dementing illness.
What are the core symptoms needed to meet the criteria for DSM 5 premenstrual dysphoric disorder -
ANSWER:" One or more of the following must be present"
" Marked affective lability (mood swings, suddenly sad or tearful, increased sensitivity to rejection)
" Marked irritability or anger or increased interpersonal conflicts
" Marked depressed mood, feelings of hopelessness, or self deprecating thoughts,
" Marked anxiety, tension, and or feelings of being keyed up or on edge
" ONE OR MORE OF THE FOLLOWING MUST ADDITIONALLY BE PRESENT TO REACH A TOTAL OF 5
SYMPTOMS when combined with above criteria.
" Decreased interest in usual activities
" Subjective difficulty in concentration
" Lethargy, easily fatigability, marked lack of energy
" Marked change in appetite, overeating or specific food cravings
" Hypersomnia or insomnia
" Sense of being overwhelmed or out of control
" Physical symptoms such as breast tenderness or swelling, joint or muscle pain, a sense of bloating or
weight gain.
WHAT ARE THE AGES OF Early Adolescence - ANSWER:(Approximately 12-14 years of age)
Movement Toward Independence - early adolescence - ANSWER:" Struggle with sense of identity;
" Moodiness;
" Improved abilities to use speech to express oneself;
" More likely to express feelings by action than by words;
" Close friendships gain importance;
" Less attention shown to parents, with occasional rudeness;
" Realization that parents are not perfect; identification of their faults;
" Search for new people to love in addition to parents;
" Tendency to return to childish behavior;
" Peer group influences interests and clothing styles.
Future interests and Cognitive Development - early adolescence - ANSWER:" Increasing career interests;
