Communication Research Methods- Chapter 7 Exam Questions and Correct Answers Latest Update 2024 (Already Passed)

Communication Research Methods- Chapter 7 Exam Questions and Correct Answers Latest Update 2024 (Already Passed) What Is Data? - Answers Information collected in a systematic manner The information within Data can be either what or what? - Answers numeric or non-numeric What are the four kinds of Data? - Answers Texts, Observations, Self-reports, Other Reports Texts - Answers written, spoken, performed, or symbolic messages Observations: - Answers watching behavior in action Self-reports - Answers ask individuals to report about their own behaviors Other reports - Answers ask individuals to report about behaviors of others Sampling - Answers create a sample that best represents the population to generalize about the population from the sample Generalization - Answers inferences about the behavior of the population from studying the sample Population: - Answers the group of cases/units from which you want to collect data Sample: - Answers smaller group taken out of a larger group to make claims about the larger group Central Limit Theorem - Answers •Under normal conditions data taken from larger samples are more normally distributed •As more and more samples are taken from a population you have a greater chance of having the sample represent the population •Random selection is the best way for a sample to represent the population •If you can't get a random sample your amount of error could be much higher What are the three types of Random Sampling? - Answers Simple random sampling, Systematic sampling, Stratified sampling What are the four kinds of non- random sampling? - Answers Convenience sample: data is easily accessible •Snowball sampling: sample builds on recommendations from participants •Purposive sampling: when the focus of the study is specific grousample builds on recommendations from participants ps at the exclusion of other groups •Quota sampling: predetermine categories and how much data you want in each categor Convenience sample - Answers data is easily accessible Snowball sampling - Answers sample builds on recommendations from participants Purposive sampling - Answers when the focus of the study is specific groups at the exclusion of other groups Quota sampling: - Answers predetermine categories and how much data you want in each category Where to Get Data - Answers Archival research •Field •Lab Archival research - Answers Refers to conducting research in a variety of places. Including the internet, a library, and physical archive. The Field - Answers Is where communication takes place. It means you go out and interview people in their natural habitats. The Lab - Answers Is when you as the researcher conduct the setting in which the study takes place. Like a college campus where the researcher can control access to the research room. Conceptual definition - Answers -Similar to dictionary definitions -Based on previous research and used to create an agreed-on definition for a concept used in a study Operational definition - Answers -Explanations of methods, procedures, variables, and instruments used to measure concepts -"Rules" researchers give themselves for identifying, analyzing, or measuring concepts Levels of Measurement - Answers Nominal •Ordinal •Interval •Ratio Nominal Data/Variables - Answers •Least precise •Lowest level of measurement •Separate mutually exclusive categories •For example, biological sex (male or female Ordinal Data/Variables - Answers Rank ordered •Share similar characteristics as nominal variables, plus categories can be ranked in some way: highest/lowest, least/most, best/worse, and so on •An example of ordinal data is rating movies from 1 to 5 stars