textual analysis - Answers The method communication researchers use to describe and interpret the
characteristics of a recorded or visual message.
transcripts of communication - Answers Verbatim recordings of actual communication, such as written
transcripts of courtroom behavior made by a court stenographer or audio/audiovisual recordings of
group meetings, often studied in textual analysis.
outputs of communication - Answers Messages produced by communicators themselves, including
written artifacts (such as letters, graffiti, and books), works of art (such as paintings, statues, and films),
and other symbolic outputs (such as footprints and refuse), often studied in textual analysis.
archival communication research - Answers Research that involves describing and evaluating
communication embedded in existing records of human behavior kept in archives.
rhetorical criticism - Answers A form of textual analysis that involves a systematic method for describing,
analyzing, interpreting, and evaluating the persuasive force of messages embedded within texts.
classical rhetoric - Answers Early rhetorical theory and criticism developed by the Greeks and Romans
that examined the characteristics and effects of persuasive public speaking, such as how political
speeches enlisted support for the specific leader or helped establish and maintain social order.
contemporary rhetorical criticism - Answers A wide range of philosophical, theoretical, and
methodological perspectives used to study the persuasive impact of many different types of texts and
messages.
historical criticism - Answers A form of rhetorical criticism that examines how important past events
shape and are shaped by rhetorical messages.
oral histories - Answers A form of historical criticism and naturalistic inquiry that obtains narratives of
personal experiences via in-depth interviews to understand more fully what happened in the past.
historical case studies - Answers A form of historical criticism that examines texts related to a single,
salient historical event to understand the role played by communication.
biographical studies - Answers A form of historical criticism that examines public and private texts of
prominent, influential, or otherwise remarkable individuals.
social movement studies - Answers A form of historical criticism that examines persuasive strategies
used to influence the historical development of specific campaigns and causes.
neo-aristotelian criticism - Answers A form of rhetorical criticism that evaluates whether the most
appropriate and effective means, as articulated in the specific set of criteria given in Aristotle's
"Rhetoric," were used to create the rhetorical text(s) intended to influence a particular audience.