EMS 118 STUDY GUIDE WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
cardiogenic shock - ANSWER-Shock caused by inadequate function of the heart, or
pump failure.
pulmonary edema - ANSWER-fluid in the air sacs and bronchioles
obstructive shock - ANSWER-caused by mechanical obstruction that prevents an
adequate volume of blood from filling the heart chambers
3 examples:
cardiac tamponade
tension pneumothorax
pulmonary embolism
cardiac tamponade - ANSWER-pressure on the heart caused by fluid in the pericardial
space
tension pneumothorax - ANSWER-A life-threatening collection of air within the pleural
space; the volume and pressure have both collasped the involved lung and caused a
shift of the mediastinal structures to the opposite side.
mediastinal - ANSWER-area between the lungs
distributive shock - ANSWER-A condition that occurs when there is widespread dilation
of the small arterioles, small venules, or both.
includes septic shock, neurogenic shock, anaphylactic shock, psychogenic shock
septic shock - ANSWER-Shock caused by severe infection, usually a bacterial infection.
MOI - ANSWER-mechanism of injury
NOI - ANSWER-Nature of illness
Primary Assessment - ANSWER-perform rapid assessment, determine LOC, identify
and manage life threatening conditions, determine the severity/priority level of the
patient's care and transport
hypoperfusion - ANSWER-a deficiency of blood passing through an organ or body
part/tissue
SAMPLE history - ANSWER-- Signs and symptoms
- Allergies
, - Medications
- Pertinent past medical history
- Last oral intake
- Events leading up to injury or illness
standard precautions - ANSWER-CDC precautions used in the care of all patients
regardless of their diagnosis or possible infection status; this category combines
universal and body substance precautions
COPD - ANSWER-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
hypotension - ANSWER-abnormally low blood pressure
tachycardia - ANSWER-fast heart rate
bradycardia - ANSWER-slow heart rate
Specialized Resources - ANSWER-ALS, air medical support, fire departments, and law
enforcement
LOC - ANSWER-level of consciousness
ABCs - ANSWER-airway, breathing, circulation
General Impression - ANSWER-impression of the patient's condition that is formed on
first approaching the patient, based on the patient's environment, chief complaint, and
appearance.
AVPU - ANSWER-mnemonic for responsiveness:
Awake and alert, verbal, pain, unresponsive
what are the 4 components of negligence - ANSWER-duty to act, breach of duty,
damages and harm, proximate cause
What are some important strategies to manage stress? - ANSWER-minimize or
eliminate stressors, change partners or work hours, change attitude, talk about your
feelings, seek professional counseling, try not to obsess over frustrations (let go),
balance work and outside life/interests
what is the difference between infectious and communicable diseases? - ANSWER-
infectious disease is caused by organisms within the body, and communicable diseases
can be spread from person to person or to another species. Not all infectious diseases
are communicable
what are the 5 routes of transmission for communicable diseases? - ANSWER-direct
contact, indirect contact, airborne, foodborne, vector borne transmission
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
cardiogenic shock - ANSWER-Shock caused by inadequate function of the heart, or
pump failure.
pulmonary edema - ANSWER-fluid in the air sacs and bronchioles
obstructive shock - ANSWER-caused by mechanical obstruction that prevents an
adequate volume of blood from filling the heart chambers
3 examples:
cardiac tamponade
tension pneumothorax
pulmonary embolism
cardiac tamponade - ANSWER-pressure on the heart caused by fluid in the pericardial
space
tension pneumothorax - ANSWER-A life-threatening collection of air within the pleural
space; the volume and pressure have both collasped the involved lung and caused a
shift of the mediastinal structures to the opposite side.
mediastinal - ANSWER-area between the lungs
distributive shock - ANSWER-A condition that occurs when there is widespread dilation
of the small arterioles, small venules, or both.
includes septic shock, neurogenic shock, anaphylactic shock, psychogenic shock
septic shock - ANSWER-Shock caused by severe infection, usually a bacterial infection.
MOI - ANSWER-mechanism of injury
NOI - ANSWER-Nature of illness
Primary Assessment - ANSWER-perform rapid assessment, determine LOC, identify
and manage life threatening conditions, determine the severity/priority level of the
patient's care and transport
hypoperfusion - ANSWER-a deficiency of blood passing through an organ or body
part/tissue
SAMPLE history - ANSWER-- Signs and symptoms
- Allergies
, - Medications
- Pertinent past medical history
- Last oral intake
- Events leading up to injury or illness
standard precautions - ANSWER-CDC precautions used in the care of all patients
regardless of their diagnosis or possible infection status; this category combines
universal and body substance precautions
COPD - ANSWER-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
hypotension - ANSWER-abnormally low blood pressure
tachycardia - ANSWER-fast heart rate
bradycardia - ANSWER-slow heart rate
Specialized Resources - ANSWER-ALS, air medical support, fire departments, and law
enforcement
LOC - ANSWER-level of consciousness
ABCs - ANSWER-airway, breathing, circulation
General Impression - ANSWER-impression of the patient's condition that is formed on
first approaching the patient, based on the patient's environment, chief complaint, and
appearance.
AVPU - ANSWER-mnemonic for responsiveness:
Awake and alert, verbal, pain, unresponsive
what are the 4 components of negligence - ANSWER-duty to act, breach of duty,
damages and harm, proximate cause
What are some important strategies to manage stress? - ANSWER-minimize or
eliminate stressors, change partners or work hours, change attitude, talk about your
feelings, seek professional counseling, try not to obsess over frustrations (let go),
balance work and outside life/interests
what is the difference between infectious and communicable diseases? - ANSWER-
infectious disease is caused by organisms within the body, and communicable diseases
can be spread from person to person or to another species. Not all infectious diseases
are communicable
what are the 5 routes of transmission for communicable diseases? - ANSWER-direct
contact, indirect contact, airborne, foodborne, vector borne transmission
