EARTH SCIENCE MIDTERM EXAM
UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and
CORRECT Answers
describe the 4 processes that result in mineral formation - CORRECT ANSWER - 1.
crystallization from magma
2. precipitation
3. changes in temperature and pressure
4. formation from hydrothermal solutions
describe where the four processes that result in mineral formation occur (same order as "describe
the 4 processes that result in mineral formation") - CORRECT ANSWER - 1. in the earth
2. on the surface
3. in the earth
4. hot springs
describe the rock cycle - CORRECT ANSWER - check page 67 in textbook
what are the 3 rock types? - CORRECT ANSWER - 1. igneous
2. sedimentary
3. metamorphic
describe how the 3 rock types turn into each other - CORRECT ANSWER - sedimentary-
metamorphic : heat, pressure or fluids morphs the sedimentary rock
metamorphic-igneous : metamorphic rock is heated up and becomes magma, then cools to
become igneous rock
igneous-sedimentary : igneous rock on earth's surface is weathered down and broken into
sediments, which then is compacted and cemented to become sedimentary rock
, clastic sedimentary rock - CORRECT ANSWER - sedimentary rock made of big
sediments and grouped by the size of the sediments
chemical sedimentary rock - CORRECT ANSWER - sedimentary rock formed when
dissolved substances precipitate
what are the most common minerals of clastic sedimentary rock? - CORRECT
ANSWER - clay minerals and quartz
what are the most common minerals of chemical sedimentary rock? - CORRECT
ANSWER - gypsum and calcite
mechanical weathering - CORRECT ANSWER - when physical forces break rock into
smaller and smaller pieces with or without composition change
how does mechanical weathering affect potential chemical weathering? - CORRECT
ANSWER - when rocks are broken apart by mechanical weathering, there is more rock
surface exposed to chemical weathering
three physical processes that are especially important causes of mechanical weathering -
CORRECT ANSWER - frost wedging, unloading and biological activity
how does biological weathering increase chemical weathering? - CORRECT ANSWER -
decaying organisms produce compounds called acids that cause chemical weathering
major flood control measures - CORRECT ANSWER - artificial levees, flood control
dams and limiting development on flood plains
what is an artificial levee? - CORRECT ANSWER - an earthen mound built on the banks
of rivers
UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and
CORRECT Answers
describe the 4 processes that result in mineral formation - CORRECT ANSWER - 1.
crystallization from magma
2. precipitation
3. changes in temperature and pressure
4. formation from hydrothermal solutions
describe where the four processes that result in mineral formation occur (same order as "describe
the 4 processes that result in mineral formation") - CORRECT ANSWER - 1. in the earth
2. on the surface
3. in the earth
4. hot springs
describe the rock cycle - CORRECT ANSWER - check page 67 in textbook
what are the 3 rock types? - CORRECT ANSWER - 1. igneous
2. sedimentary
3. metamorphic
describe how the 3 rock types turn into each other - CORRECT ANSWER - sedimentary-
metamorphic : heat, pressure or fluids morphs the sedimentary rock
metamorphic-igneous : metamorphic rock is heated up and becomes magma, then cools to
become igneous rock
igneous-sedimentary : igneous rock on earth's surface is weathered down and broken into
sediments, which then is compacted and cemented to become sedimentary rock
, clastic sedimentary rock - CORRECT ANSWER - sedimentary rock made of big
sediments and grouped by the size of the sediments
chemical sedimentary rock - CORRECT ANSWER - sedimentary rock formed when
dissolved substances precipitate
what are the most common minerals of clastic sedimentary rock? - CORRECT
ANSWER - clay minerals and quartz
what are the most common minerals of chemical sedimentary rock? - CORRECT
ANSWER - gypsum and calcite
mechanical weathering - CORRECT ANSWER - when physical forces break rock into
smaller and smaller pieces with or without composition change
how does mechanical weathering affect potential chemical weathering? - CORRECT
ANSWER - when rocks are broken apart by mechanical weathering, there is more rock
surface exposed to chemical weathering
three physical processes that are especially important causes of mechanical weathering -
CORRECT ANSWER - frost wedging, unloading and biological activity
how does biological weathering increase chemical weathering? - CORRECT ANSWER -
decaying organisms produce compounds called acids that cause chemical weathering
major flood control measures - CORRECT ANSWER - artificial levees, flood control
dams and limiting development on flood plains
what is an artificial levee? - CORRECT ANSWER - an earthen mound built on the banks
of rivers
