NR507||NR507 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL EXAM OVER 500 QUESTION WITH CORRECT ANSWERS WELL DEFINED (LATETS UPDATE) GRADED A+

1
BEST OF NR 507


NR507||NR507 ADVANCED
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL EXAM
OVER 500 QUESTION WITH
CORRECT ANSWERS WELL
DEFINED (LATETS UPDATE)
GRADED A+
Cystitis (CORRECT ANSWER) -lower urinary tract disorder
-aka bladder infection
-can progress to upper urinary tract infection if bacteria moves from
bladder to kidneys
-can occur in both males and females
-in males, may be associated with prostatitis


Cystitis symptoms: (CORRECT ANSWER) -urgency
-burning on urination
-frequency
-dysuria
-suprapubic pain
-cloudy/odorous urine


Acute pyelonephritis (kidney infection) (CORRECT ANSWER) -urine
culture

, 2
BEST OF NR 507

-urinalysis (WBC casts, but may not always be present)
-complicated pyelonephritis requires blood cultures and urinary tract
imaging


Pyelonephritis (CORRECT ANSWER) -upper urinary tract disorder
-kidney infection
-can cause acute renal failure if untreated


Pyelonephritis symptoms: (CORRECT ANSWER) Same as cystitis
-urgency
-burning on urination
-frequency
-dysuria
-suprapubic pain
-cloudy/odorous urine


PLUS
-fever
-flank pain
-costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness
-N/V
-malaise

, 3
BEST OF NR 507

Classic triad symptoms:
1. vomiting
2. flank pain
3. fever


Urinary tract infection (UTI) (CORRECT ANSWER) -an infection in
any part of the urinary system
-E. coli causes approximately 80% of the cases of UTI
-urinalysis is used to diagnose UTI
-if nitrites are present, this indicates that the causative organism is gram
negative


Uncomplicated UTI (CORRECT ANSWER) -urinary tract and renal
function is normal
-occurs in normal urinary tract
-responds well to a short course of antibiotic therapy (3-7 day course)
-simple cystitis in non-pregnant women without any urologic
abnormalities


Uncomplicated UTI urinalysis results: (CORRECT ANSWER) Protein
+/-
Leukocyte Esterase +
Nitrites +/-
RBCs +/-
WBCs + (> 5,000)

, 4
BEST OF NR 507

Casts -


Complicated UTI (CORRECT ANSWER) -decreased renal function
and an abnormal urinary tract
-presence of WBC casts
-possible IV abx
-a UTI that extends beyond the bladder
-caused by structural or functional urinary tract abnormalities or
untreated UTI
-infants and older adults affected
-associated with indwelling catheters, renal calculi, diabetes, pregnancy


Complicated UTI urinalysis results: (CORRECT ANSWER) Protein +/-
Leukocyte Esterase +
Nitrites +/-
RBCs +
WBCs + (> 10,000)
Casts +


UTI pathophysiology (CORRECT ANSWER) 1. Bacteria enter and
contaminate the lower urinary tract.
2. This causes the colonization of bacteria in the urethra and the bladder
which triggers an inflammatory response in the lower urinary tract.
3. Neutrophils are recruited to the area where the bacteria are present.