NR566||NR 566 BEST EQAs IN
Advanced Pharmacology for Care of the
Family FINAL LATEST UPDATE
(2024/2025) GRADED A+
Prevention of osteoporosis with hormone replacement therapy
(CORRECT ANSWER)HT reduces postmenopausal bone loss and
thereby decreases the risk for osteoporosis and related fractures.
Unfortunately, when HT is stopped, bone mass rapidly decreases by
approximately 12%. Hence to maintain bone health, HT must continue
lifelong.
Most common non-contraceptive use of estrogens. (CORRECT
ANSWER)Hormone therapy (HT) in postmenopausal women
When to use progestin for hormone replacement therapy and why
(CORRECT ANSWER)to counterbalance estrogen-mediated stimulation
of the endometrium, which can lead to endometrial hyperplasia and
cancer.
When not to use progestin for hormone replacement therapy and why
(CORRECT ANSWER)Progestins should not be prescribed as HRT for
women who have undergone hysterectomy.
Local vs. systemic estrogen options and why one would be chosen over
the other (CORRECT ANSWER)Compared with oral formulations of
estrogen, the transdermal formulations have four advantages:
,• The total dose of estrogen is greatly reduced (because the liver is
bypassed).
• There is less nausea and vomiting.
• Blood levels of estrogen fluctuate less.
• There is a lower risk for DVT, pulmonary embolism, and stroke
Function/mechanism of combination OC (CORRECT ANSWER)reduce
fertility primarily by inhibiting ovulation.
Role of Progestin in combination OC (CORRECT ANSWER)acts in the
hypothalamus and pituitary to suppress the midcycle luteinizing
hormone surge, which normally triggers ovulation.
Role of Estrogen in combination OC (CORRECT ANSWER)suppresses
release of follicle-stimulating hormone from the pituitary (and thereby
inhibits follicular maturation),
(2) main categories of OCs: (CORRECT ANSWER)(1) those that
contain an estrogen plus a progestin, known as combination OCs, and
(2) those that contain just a progestin, known as "minipills" or progestin-
only OCs
Absolute Contraindication w/ OC Therapy (CORRECT
ANSWER)Thrombophlebitis, thromboembolic disorders, cerebral
vascular disease, coronary occlusion, or a past history of these
conditions, or a condition that predisposes to these disorders
Abnormal liver function
,Known or suspected breast cancer
Undiagnosed abnormal vaginal bleeding
Known or suspected pregnancy
Smokers older than 35 years
Progestin-only OCs, also known as "minipills" (CORRECT
ANSWER)do not cause thromboembolic disorders, headaches, nausea,
or most of the other adverse effects associated with combination OCs.
Unfortunately, although slightly safer than combination OCs, less
effective and are more likely to cause irregular bleeding
Most Effective Contraception (CORRECT ANSWER)Etonogestrel
subdermal implants (Nexplanon)Intramuscular medroxyprogesterone
acetate (Depo-Provera)SterilizationIntrauterine device (IUD)
The method of contraception chosen most frequently by birth control
users (CORRECT ANSWER)Sterilization: female sterilization (tubal
ligation) plus male sterilization (vasectomy) are selected by 19% of birth
control users
Factors considered when a method of birth control is being chosen.
(CORRECT ANSWER)effectiveness, safety, and personal preference
The most effective birth control methods (CORRECT
ANSWER)etonogestrel subdermal implants (Nexplanon), intramuscular
medroxyprogesterone acetate (Depo-Provera),
sterilization
, IUDs.
Combination Oral Contraceptive Prototype (CORRECT
ANSWER)Ethinyl estradiol/norethindrone
Progestin-Only Oral Contraceptive Prototype (CORRECT
ANSWER)Norethindrone
Long-Acting Contraceptives Prototype (CORRECT
ANSWER)Subdermal etonogestrel implant (Nexplanon)
Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (Depo-Provera)
Drugs for Emergency Contraception (CORRECT
ANSWER)Levonorgestrel alone (Plan B One-Step)
Ulipristal acetate (ella)
Progestin Drugs w/ greatest risk for thrombotic events (CORRECT
ANSWER)drospirenone and desogestrel
OC and Cancer Risk (CORRECT ANSWER)Present no known risk for
cancer—with the important exception of promoting (not causing) breast
cancer growth.
Drugs whose effects are reduced by oral contraceptives. (CORRECT
ANSWER)Warfarin-decrease effectiveness of drug by increasing effect
of clotting factors
Advanced Pharmacology for Care of the
Family FINAL LATEST UPDATE
(2024/2025) GRADED A+
Prevention of osteoporosis with hormone replacement therapy
(CORRECT ANSWER)HT reduces postmenopausal bone loss and
thereby decreases the risk for osteoporosis and related fractures.
Unfortunately, when HT is stopped, bone mass rapidly decreases by
approximately 12%. Hence to maintain bone health, HT must continue
lifelong.
Most common non-contraceptive use of estrogens. (CORRECT
ANSWER)Hormone therapy (HT) in postmenopausal women
When to use progestin for hormone replacement therapy and why
(CORRECT ANSWER)to counterbalance estrogen-mediated stimulation
of the endometrium, which can lead to endometrial hyperplasia and
cancer.
When not to use progestin for hormone replacement therapy and why
(CORRECT ANSWER)Progestins should not be prescribed as HRT for
women who have undergone hysterectomy.
Local vs. systemic estrogen options and why one would be chosen over
the other (CORRECT ANSWER)Compared with oral formulations of
estrogen, the transdermal formulations have four advantages:
,• The total dose of estrogen is greatly reduced (because the liver is
bypassed).
• There is less nausea and vomiting.
• Blood levels of estrogen fluctuate less.
• There is a lower risk for DVT, pulmonary embolism, and stroke
Function/mechanism of combination OC (CORRECT ANSWER)reduce
fertility primarily by inhibiting ovulation.
Role of Progestin in combination OC (CORRECT ANSWER)acts in the
hypothalamus and pituitary to suppress the midcycle luteinizing
hormone surge, which normally triggers ovulation.
Role of Estrogen in combination OC (CORRECT ANSWER)suppresses
release of follicle-stimulating hormone from the pituitary (and thereby
inhibits follicular maturation),
(2) main categories of OCs: (CORRECT ANSWER)(1) those that
contain an estrogen plus a progestin, known as combination OCs, and
(2) those that contain just a progestin, known as "minipills" or progestin-
only OCs
Absolute Contraindication w/ OC Therapy (CORRECT
ANSWER)Thrombophlebitis, thromboembolic disorders, cerebral
vascular disease, coronary occlusion, or a past history of these
conditions, or a condition that predisposes to these disorders
Abnormal liver function
,Known or suspected breast cancer
Undiagnosed abnormal vaginal bleeding
Known or suspected pregnancy
Smokers older than 35 years
Progestin-only OCs, also known as "minipills" (CORRECT
ANSWER)do not cause thromboembolic disorders, headaches, nausea,
or most of the other adverse effects associated with combination OCs.
Unfortunately, although slightly safer than combination OCs, less
effective and are more likely to cause irregular bleeding
Most Effective Contraception (CORRECT ANSWER)Etonogestrel
subdermal implants (Nexplanon)Intramuscular medroxyprogesterone
acetate (Depo-Provera)SterilizationIntrauterine device (IUD)
The method of contraception chosen most frequently by birth control
users (CORRECT ANSWER)Sterilization: female sterilization (tubal
ligation) plus male sterilization (vasectomy) are selected by 19% of birth
control users
Factors considered when a method of birth control is being chosen.
(CORRECT ANSWER)effectiveness, safety, and personal preference
The most effective birth control methods (CORRECT
ANSWER)etonogestrel subdermal implants (Nexplanon), intramuscular
medroxyprogesterone acetate (Depo-Provera),
sterilization
, IUDs.
Combination Oral Contraceptive Prototype (CORRECT
ANSWER)Ethinyl estradiol/norethindrone
Progestin-Only Oral Contraceptive Prototype (CORRECT
ANSWER)Norethindrone
Long-Acting Contraceptives Prototype (CORRECT
ANSWER)Subdermal etonogestrel implant (Nexplanon)
Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (Depo-Provera)
Drugs for Emergency Contraception (CORRECT
ANSWER)Levonorgestrel alone (Plan B One-Step)
Ulipristal acetate (ella)
Progestin Drugs w/ greatest risk for thrombotic events (CORRECT
ANSWER)drospirenone and desogestrel
OC and Cancer Risk (CORRECT ANSWER)Present no known risk for
cancer—with the important exception of promoting (not causing) breast
cancer growth.
Drugs whose effects are reduced by oral contraceptives. (CORRECT
ANSWER)Warfarin-decrease effectiveness of drug by increasing effect
of clotting factors
