Anatomy and Physiology Practical and Test Review
Central Nervous system ANSWER>>>>brain and spinal cord
Peripheral Nervous System ANSWER>>>>the sensory and motor neurons that connect the
central nervous system to the rest of the body
Sensory Division of PNS ANSWER>>>>afferent fibers transmit impulses from receptors to
CNS (picks up)
afferent
unipolar
toward CNS
Motor Division of PNS ANSWER>>>>efferent fibers transmit impulses from CNS to
effector organs (transports)
Efferent
multipolar
away from CNS
Somatic nerves ANSWER>>>>voluntary movement (skeletal muscles)
Autonomic nerves ANSWER>>>>involuntary movement (internal organs, heart & lungs)
Nerves are surrounded and protected by ANSWER>>>>neuroglia (glial cells)
types of glial cells in the CNS ANSWER>>>>astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia,
ependymal cells
types of glial cells in the PNS ANSWER>>>>Schwann cells and satellite cells
, astrocytes ANSWER>>>>CNS- Provide structural and metabolic support for neurons -
regulate ions - blood-brain barrier
microglial cells ANSWER>>>>CNS- defend the nerves- immunity
ependymal cells ANSWER>>>>CNS- line cavities of the brain and spinal cord, circulate
cerebrospinal fluid
cerebrospinal fluid ANSWER>>>>Fluid in the space between the meninges that acts as a
shock absorber that protects the central nervous system.
Meninges ANSWER>>>>three protective membranes that surround the brain and
spinal cord
Oligodendrocytes ANSWER>>>>CNS- Type of glial cell in the CNS that wrap axons in a
myelin sheath.
satellite cells ANSWER>>>>PNS- surround neuron cell bodies in ganglia
Schwann cells ANSWER>>>>PNS- Supporting cells of the peripheral nervous system
responsible for the formation of myelin.
Dendrites ANSWER>>>>Branchlike parts of a neuron that are specialized to receive
information.
Axon ANSWER>>>>the extension of a neuron, ending in branching terminal fibers,
through which messages pass to other neurons or to muscles or glands
Node of Ranvier ANSWER>>>>A gap between successive segments of the myelin sheath
where the axon membrane is exposed.
Central Nervous system ANSWER>>>>brain and spinal cord
Peripheral Nervous System ANSWER>>>>the sensory and motor neurons that connect the
central nervous system to the rest of the body
Sensory Division of PNS ANSWER>>>>afferent fibers transmit impulses from receptors to
CNS (picks up)
afferent
unipolar
toward CNS
Motor Division of PNS ANSWER>>>>efferent fibers transmit impulses from CNS to
effector organs (transports)
Efferent
multipolar
away from CNS
Somatic nerves ANSWER>>>>voluntary movement (skeletal muscles)
Autonomic nerves ANSWER>>>>involuntary movement (internal organs, heart & lungs)
Nerves are surrounded and protected by ANSWER>>>>neuroglia (glial cells)
types of glial cells in the CNS ANSWER>>>>astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia,
ependymal cells
types of glial cells in the PNS ANSWER>>>>Schwann cells and satellite cells
, astrocytes ANSWER>>>>CNS- Provide structural and metabolic support for neurons -
regulate ions - blood-brain barrier
microglial cells ANSWER>>>>CNS- defend the nerves- immunity
ependymal cells ANSWER>>>>CNS- line cavities of the brain and spinal cord, circulate
cerebrospinal fluid
cerebrospinal fluid ANSWER>>>>Fluid in the space between the meninges that acts as a
shock absorber that protects the central nervous system.
Meninges ANSWER>>>>three protective membranes that surround the brain and
spinal cord
Oligodendrocytes ANSWER>>>>CNS- Type of glial cell in the CNS that wrap axons in a
myelin sheath.
satellite cells ANSWER>>>>PNS- surround neuron cell bodies in ganglia
Schwann cells ANSWER>>>>PNS- Supporting cells of the peripheral nervous system
responsible for the formation of myelin.
Dendrites ANSWER>>>>Branchlike parts of a neuron that are specialized to receive
information.
Axon ANSWER>>>>the extension of a neuron, ending in branching terminal fibers,
through which messages pass to other neurons or to muscles or glands
Node of Ranvier ANSWER>>>>A gap between successive segments of the myelin sheath
where the axon membrane is exposed.
