N434: Tissue Integrity test
questions and answers 2025
Types of burns
thermal, chemical, electrical, radiation, inhalation, scald, cold
Thermal burns
most common; caused by heat/flame/contact
Electrical burns
burns caused by power/electricity
Chemical burns
damage caused to the skin by chemicals - acids, alkalis, organic
compounds
Inhalation burns
associated with high temperature air or steam that is inhaled and causes
damage to the mucosa of the upper airway
this will result in airway edema that may restrict airflow and lead to
airway obstruction
Scald burn
A burn caused by hot liquids/steam
Cold burns
frostbite
Radiation burns
Occur from the absorption of radiation into the body - CA/sunburn
What is most concerning about electrical burns?
pass through body to tissues and organs
- cause internal damage
may be thermal burns from sparks, etc.
What is a priority assessment with electrical burns?
VS
EKG/tele = heart dysrhythmia
, fx/c spine = fx bone = c spine
site
What are some factors that alter severity for electrical burns?
voltage
tissue resistance
current pathway
surface area
duration
What labs will be altered with an electrical burn? Why?
myoglobin = elevated
- muscle damage
Kidney (AKI)
- RBC breakdown
1st degree burn
epidermis (sunburn)
Red, painful, no blisters
2nd degree burn
dermis - blister, white, shiny, edema, painful
3rd degree burn
total skin destruction
- black escar, white, red, leathery
4th degree burn
bones, muscles, tendons
- black
no pain - destroy nerves
How do we determine percent of body burned?
TBSA with rule of nines
Rule of nines
A system that assigns percentages to sections of the body, allowing
calculation of the amount of skin surface involved in the burn area.
How do you calculate rule of nines?
head
- back: 4.5
- front: 4.5
questions and answers 2025
Types of burns
thermal, chemical, electrical, radiation, inhalation, scald, cold
Thermal burns
most common; caused by heat/flame/contact
Electrical burns
burns caused by power/electricity
Chemical burns
damage caused to the skin by chemicals - acids, alkalis, organic
compounds
Inhalation burns
associated with high temperature air or steam that is inhaled and causes
damage to the mucosa of the upper airway
this will result in airway edema that may restrict airflow and lead to
airway obstruction
Scald burn
A burn caused by hot liquids/steam
Cold burns
frostbite
Radiation burns
Occur from the absorption of radiation into the body - CA/sunburn
What is most concerning about electrical burns?
pass through body to tissues and organs
- cause internal damage
may be thermal burns from sparks, etc.
What is a priority assessment with electrical burns?
VS
EKG/tele = heart dysrhythmia
, fx/c spine = fx bone = c spine
site
What are some factors that alter severity for electrical burns?
voltage
tissue resistance
current pathway
surface area
duration
What labs will be altered with an electrical burn? Why?
myoglobin = elevated
- muscle damage
Kidney (AKI)
- RBC breakdown
1st degree burn
epidermis (sunburn)
Red, painful, no blisters
2nd degree burn
dermis - blister, white, shiny, edema, painful
3rd degree burn
total skin destruction
- black escar, white, red, leathery
4th degree burn
bones, muscles, tendons
- black
no pain - destroy nerves
How do we determine percent of body burned?
TBSA with rule of nines
Rule of nines
A system that assigns percentages to sections of the body, allowing
calculation of the amount of skin surface involved in the burn area.
How do you calculate rule of nines?
head
- back: 4.5
- front: 4.5
