ONS Chemotherapy Immunotherapy Certificate
Exam Questions and Answers 100% Pass
3 major phases of cell division: - ✔✔Interphase
Mitotic phase
Cytokinesis
3 steps of interphase: - ✔✔First growth phase (G1)
Synthesis phase (S phase)
Second growth phase (G2)
4 phases of mitosis: - ✔✔Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Innate immunity: - ✔✔Non-specific response, either:
1. Barrier (skin, mucous membranes, flora of skin/gut)
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,2. Cellular components (phagocytes, natural killer cells, granulocytes,
macrophages)
Adaptive immunity: - ✔✔Follows innate immunity if unsuccessful.
Memory immunity, including:
1. Humoral immunity (production of antibodies or immunoglobulins)
2. Cell mediated immunity (dependent upon T cells)
3. Regulatory T -cells (prevent autoimmune reactions and limit
inflammatory responses)
Define mutations - ✔✔Variations in the nucleotide sequence of a gene
3 main goals of treatment: - ✔✔Cure
Control
Palliation
Define neoadjuvant therapy - ✔✔Treatment is given prior to surgery to
shrink the tumor
Define adjuvant therapy - ✔✔Additional cancer treatment given after the
primary treatment to lower the risk that the cancer reoccur
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,Define conditioning/preparative therapy - ✔✔Treatments used to prepare
a patient for stem cell transplantation
2 types of conditioning therapies: - ✔✔Myeloablative
Nonmyeloablative
Define dose density - ✔✔Drug dose per unit of time
Define dose intensity - ✔✔Amount of drug delivered over time
How is relative dose intensity (RDI) calculated? - ✔✔By comparing the
dose that the patient ACTUALLY received to the planned dose of the
standard regimen
How do alkylating agents work? - ✔✔By causing a break in the DNA helix
strand, interfering with DNA replication and causing cell death
3 subcategories of alkylating agents: - ✔✔1. Nitrogen mustards
2. Platinum-based agents (do not possess an alkyl group but still termed
alkylating agents as they work similarly)
3. Nitrosoureas
Most common subcategory of alkylating agents: - ✔✔Nitrogen mustards
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, Common alkylating agents: - ✔✔Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan)
Ifosfamide (Ifex)
Bendamustine (Treanda)
Common platinum-based agents: - ✔✔Cisplatin (Platinol)
Carboplatin (Paraplatin)
What is unique about nitrosoureas agents? - ✔✔Able to cross the blood-
brain barrier; can be effective in treating some brain tumors
Common nitrosoureas agents: - ✔✔Carmustine (BiCNU)
Lomustine (CeeNu)
Streptozocin (Zanosar)
Hypersensitivity can occur with late doses of: - ✔✔Carboplatin
These agents are typically categorized as highly emetogenic: - ✔✔1.
Alkylating agents
2. Nitrosoureas
Pre-administration labs for alkylating agents and nitrosoureas: - ✔✔BUN
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Exam Questions and Answers 100% Pass
3 major phases of cell division: - ✔✔Interphase
Mitotic phase
Cytokinesis
3 steps of interphase: - ✔✔First growth phase (G1)
Synthesis phase (S phase)
Second growth phase (G2)
4 phases of mitosis: - ✔✔Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Innate immunity: - ✔✔Non-specific response, either:
1. Barrier (skin, mucous membranes, flora of skin/gut)
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,2. Cellular components (phagocytes, natural killer cells, granulocytes,
macrophages)
Adaptive immunity: - ✔✔Follows innate immunity if unsuccessful.
Memory immunity, including:
1. Humoral immunity (production of antibodies or immunoglobulins)
2. Cell mediated immunity (dependent upon T cells)
3. Regulatory T -cells (prevent autoimmune reactions and limit
inflammatory responses)
Define mutations - ✔✔Variations in the nucleotide sequence of a gene
3 main goals of treatment: - ✔✔Cure
Control
Palliation
Define neoadjuvant therapy - ✔✔Treatment is given prior to surgery to
shrink the tumor
Define adjuvant therapy - ✔✔Additional cancer treatment given after the
primary treatment to lower the risk that the cancer reoccur
Copyright ©EMILLECT 2024. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Page 2/31
,Define conditioning/preparative therapy - ✔✔Treatments used to prepare
a patient for stem cell transplantation
2 types of conditioning therapies: - ✔✔Myeloablative
Nonmyeloablative
Define dose density - ✔✔Drug dose per unit of time
Define dose intensity - ✔✔Amount of drug delivered over time
How is relative dose intensity (RDI) calculated? - ✔✔By comparing the
dose that the patient ACTUALLY received to the planned dose of the
standard regimen
How do alkylating agents work? - ✔✔By causing a break in the DNA helix
strand, interfering with DNA replication and causing cell death
3 subcategories of alkylating agents: - ✔✔1. Nitrogen mustards
2. Platinum-based agents (do not possess an alkyl group but still termed
alkylating agents as they work similarly)
3. Nitrosoureas
Most common subcategory of alkylating agents: - ✔✔Nitrogen mustards
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, Common alkylating agents: - ✔✔Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan)
Ifosfamide (Ifex)
Bendamustine (Treanda)
Common platinum-based agents: - ✔✔Cisplatin (Platinol)
Carboplatin (Paraplatin)
What is unique about nitrosoureas agents? - ✔✔Able to cross the blood-
brain barrier; can be effective in treating some brain tumors
Common nitrosoureas agents: - ✔✔Carmustine (BiCNU)
Lomustine (CeeNu)
Streptozocin (Zanosar)
Hypersensitivity can occur with late doses of: - ✔✔Carboplatin
These agents are typically categorized as highly emetogenic: - ✔✔1.
Alkylating agents
2. Nitrosoureas
Pre-administration labs for alkylating agents and nitrosoureas: - ✔✔BUN
Copyright ©EMILLECT 2024. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Page 4/31
