NCHEC Study Guide Questions &
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Needs Assessment
✓ Systematic identification of needs within a population and
determination of the degree to which those needs are being met
✓ 6 step process:
✓ scope of work and purpose of needs assessment
✓ gather the data
✓ analyze the data
✓ identify any factors linked to the health problem
✓ identify the focus for the program
✓ validate the need before continuing with the planning process
Primary Data
✓ Data gathered by the health educator directly from or about the
individual or population of interest
Secondary Data
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✓ Data that have already been collected by others that may or may not
be directly gathered from the individual or population being assessed.
US Census
Stakeholders
✓ May be involved in program operations as program manager,
program staff, partners, funding agencies, coalition members or those
served or affected by the program/project including patients, clients
advocacy groups and community members
✓ individuals or agencies that have a vested interest in the health
education program
Planning models
✓ Precede proceed
Existing databases available to the public
✓ BRFSS Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System
✓ National Library of Medicine's PubMed
✓ ERIC Education Resources Information Center
Primary Data Sources
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✓ Surveys
✓ Interviews
✓ Observations
✓ Community forums are public meetings
✓ Focus Groups
✓ Nominal group process: a few reps from priority population are asked
to respond to questions based on specific needs 5-7 people
✓ Delphi Panel- group process that generates consensus by using a series
of mailed or emailed questionnaires. Process involves individuals from 3
groups: decision makers, staff and program participants.
✓ Self Assessment instruments
✓ Community capacity inventory and community asset maps are tools
for identifying community resources and issues
Secondary Data Sources
✓ Federal Gov Agencies: CDC
✓ Vital records: US Census Bureau
✓ Social Security
✓ State and local agencies: BRFSS, YRBSS
✓ Nongovernmental agencies: healthcare systems
✓ Existing records: health data
✓ Literature: peer reviewed journals
Predisposing factors
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✓ individual knowledge and affective traits
Enabling factors
✓ factors that make possible a change in behavior
Reinforcing factors
✓ feedback and encouragement resulting from a changed behavior,
perhaps from significant or important others
Community's capacity to solve its health problems:
✓ identify community resources (persons, groups, places), abilities, skills,
networks, strengths, talents
✓ create or strengthen the relationships between community members
and community orgs
✓ mobilize the community around its strengths/resources
✓ rally the community to develop a health vision of the future and
introduce any outside resources to fill gaps
Logic models
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