Bio 181 Final Exam Study Guide (nau) with Complete Solutions

Bio 181 Final Exam Study Guide (nau) with Complete Solutions Cell Theory - ANSWER-1. all living organisms are composed of 1 or more cells. 2. cells are the smallest units of life. 3. cell division produces new cells. Eukaryotic - ANSWER-(true nucleus) >protists, fungi, plants animals >plasma membrane >membrane bound organelles >multi-cellular Prokaryotic - ANSWER-(no cell nucleus) >plasma membrane >double layer of phospholipids and proteins. Copyright ©EMILLYCHARLOTE 2025 ACADEMIC YEAR, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Page 2/12 >bacteria and archaea 8 parts of prokaryote - ANSWER-1. cell wall- rigid and permeable , nutrients enter to get to plasma membrane 2. plasma membrane- phospholipid bilayer and proteins embedded within. 3. cytoplasm- space w in plasma membrane (metabolism) 4. nucleoid- no membrane, location of dna 5. ribosomes- synthesis of polypeptides 6. glycocalyx- outercovering of the cell, viscous (cell protection, attachment of cell to surfaces. 7. pilli- hairlike (attachment) 8. plagella- hair or tail like (movement) compartmentalization - ANSWER-formation of cellular compartments. smaller cells (SA/V) - ANSWER-more surface area per volume large cells (SA/V) - ANSWER-less surface are per volume, more room for metabolism, surface area limits rate of exchange. Copyright ©EMILLYCHARLOTE 2025 ACADEMIC YEAR, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Page 3/12 catabolism - ANSWER-break down of large molecules into small molecules with the release of energy. anabolism - ANSWER-small molecules ----> large molecules (needs energy) *microtubli - ANSWER->largest (25 nm) >2 subunits form a strand >13 strands form a hollow tube >constantly changing in length adding and removing