Club Pilates Special Populations
Questions and Complete Solutions
Graded A+
How long does a Grade 1 strain muscle injury last? - Answer: 2-3 weeks
How long does a Grade 2 strain muscle injury last? - Answer: 3-6 weeks
What may be necessary with a Grade 3 strain muscle injury and how long is typical recovery? - Answer:
surgery
3 months
What is DOMS and how long does it last? - Answer: delayed onset muscle soreness
24-48 hours
What is tendinosis? - Answer: a degeneration in collagen in response to overuse
What is tendinitis? - Answer: inflammation from overuse
What is tenosynovitis? - Answer: inflammation of synovium of tendon sheath
Define and what are the symptoms of a Grade 1 Ligament strain? - Answer: overstretching of ligament
pain and swelling
Define and what are the symptoms of a Grade 2 Ligament strain? - Answer: partial tearing
swelling, bruising, pain
Define and what are the symptoms of a Grade 3 Ligament strain and what may be necessary to restore
joint stability? - Answer: complete tear
,pain, swelling, may require surgery
List the types of bone injuries - Answer: fractures, stress fractures, inflammatory conditions
What are joint dislocations and subluxations? and what are the two other types of Joint injuries with
examples? - Answer: separation of two bones at a joint
partial dislocation
degenerative (osteoarthritis) and inflammatory (rheumatoid arthritis)
What is Neuropraxias? - Answer: a nerve injury disorder of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) with a
temporary loss of motor and/or sensory function due to blockage and slowing of nerve conduction and
numerous neurological disorders
List four examples of Acute injuries - Answer: muscle strains
ligament sprains
fracture
dislocation
List three examples of Chronic injuries - Answer: tendinosis/tendinitis, bursitis, arthritis
Type I muscles...
______ twitch
type of respration
______ contraction speed
fatigue _______
tonic or phasic
purpose - Answer: slow
slow oxidative (aerobic)
slow
resistant
,tonic
endurance or postural; normal functional postures and many unloaded movements
Type IIa muscles...
______ twitch
type of respiration
______ contraction speed
fatigue _______
tonic or phasic
purpose - Answer: intermediate fast
aerobic and anaerobic
fast
phasic
short, high-intensity activities (<2mins); rapid movement with high loads
Type IIb muscles...
______ twitch
type of respiration
______ contraction speed
fatigue _______
tonic or phasic
purpose - Answer: fast
fast glycolitic (anaerobic)
fast
fatigues quickest
phasic
very short , maximum intensity activities (less than 30 sec); rapid movement with high loads
What does a Local Stabilizer do?
, What kind of activation does it do and how is it activated?
What kind of activity? - Answer: - works to control segmental the segmental and is important for
controlling the neutral and protecting the joint that is moving
- anticipitory; activated with low loads and proprioceptive challenges
- continuous throughout (tonic)
What happens when there is dysfunction of a Local Stabilizer? - Answer: delayed timing or altered
recruitment patter, poor segmental control, inhibition with pain and decreased ability to control the
neutral position of a joint
What does a Global Stabilizer do?
What kind of activation does it do and how is it activated?
What kind of activity? - Answer: - works to control the range of motion, often through eccentric
contraction
- displays activation when there is an increase in load and need for control, particularly with
hypermobile joints and controlling/decelerating rotation
- non-continuous/phasic activity throughout a movement
What does a Global Mobilizer do?
What kind of activation does it do and how is it activated?
What kind of activity? - Answer: - produces a range of motion, generally concentric contraction
- responds to higher loads with increased force and is important for providing shock
- non-continuous/phasic that often functions for bursts
What happens when there is dysfunction of a Global Stabilizer? - Answer: eccentric joint control issues
across several joint segments, poor control of excessive range in hypermobile joints, poor dissociation in
rotation, and altered recruitment patterns
What happens when there is dysfunction of a Global Mobilizer? - Answer: shortening and/or decreased
extensibility of the muscles and connecting fascia, muscle spasms and guarding, and overactivity with
lower loads
Questions and Complete Solutions
Graded A+
How long does a Grade 1 strain muscle injury last? - Answer: 2-3 weeks
How long does a Grade 2 strain muscle injury last? - Answer: 3-6 weeks
What may be necessary with a Grade 3 strain muscle injury and how long is typical recovery? - Answer:
surgery
3 months
What is DOMS and how long does it last? - Answer: delayed onset muscle soreness
24-48 hours
What is tendinosis? - Answer: a degeneration in collagen in response to overuse
What is tendinitis? - Answer: inflammation from overuse
What is tenosynovitis? - Answer: inflammation of synovium of tendon sheath
Define and what are the symptoms of a Grade 1 Ligament strain? - Answer: overstretching of ligament
pain and swelling
Define and what are the symptoms of a Grade 2 Ligament strain? - Answer: partial tearing
swelling, bruising, pain
Define and what are the symptoms of a Grade 3 Ligament strain and what may be necessary to restore
joint stability? - Answer: complete tear
,pain, swelling, may require surgery
List the types of bone injuries - Answer: fractures, stress fractures, inflammatory conditions
What are joint dislocations and subluxations? and what are the two other types of Joint injuries with
examples? - Answer: separation of two bones at a joint
partial dislocation
degenerative (osteoarthritis) and inflammatory (rheumatoid arthritis)
What is Neuropraxias? - Answer: a nerve injury disorder of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) with a
temporary loss of motor and/or sensory function due to blockage and slowing of nerve conduction and
numerous neurological disorders
List four examples of Acute injuries - Answer: muscle strains
ligament sprains
fracture
dislocation
List three examples of Chronic injuries - Answer: tendinosis/tendinitis, bursitis, arthritis
Type I muscles...
______ twitch
type of respration
______ contraction speed
fatigue _______
tonic or phasic
purpose - Answer: slow
slow oxidative (aerobic)
slow
resistant
,tonic
endurance or postural; normal functional postures and many unloaded movements
Type IIa muscles...
______ twitch
type of respiration
______ contraction speed
fatigue _______
tonic or phasic
purpose - Answer: intermediate fast
aerobic and anaerobic
fast
phasic
short, high-intensity activities (<2mins); rapid movement with high loads
Type IIb muscles...
______ twitch
type of respiration
______ contraction speed
fatigue _______
tonic or phasic
purpose - Answer: fast
fast glycolitic (anaerobic)
fast
fatigues quickest
phasic
very short , maximum intensity activities (less than 30 sec); rapid movement with high loads
What does a Local Stabilizer do?
, What kind of activation does it do and how is it activated?
What kind of activity? - Answer: - works to control segmental the segmental and is important for
controlling the neutral and protecting the joint that is moving
- anticipitory; activated with low loads and proprioceptive challenges
- continuous throughout (tonic)
What happens when there is dysfunction of a Local Stabilizer? - Answer: delayed timing or altered
recruitment patter, poor segmental control, inhibition with pain and decreased ability to control the
neutral position of a joint
What does a Global Stabilizer do?
What kind of activation does it do and how is it activated?
What kind of activity? - Answer: - works to control the range of motion, often through eccentric
contraction
- displays activation when there is an increase in load and need for control, particularly with
hypermobile joints and controlling/decelerating rotation
- non-continuous/phasic activity throughout a movement
What does a Global Mobilizer do?
What kind of activation does it do and how is it activated?
What kind of activity? - Answer: - produces a range of motion, generally concentric contraction
- responds to higher loads with increased force and is important for providing shock
- non-continuous/phasic that often functions for bursts
What happens when there is dysfunction of a Global Stabilizer? - Answer: eccentric joint control issues
across several joint segments, poor control of excessive range in hypermobile joints, poor dissociation in
rotation, and altered recruitment patterns
What happens when there is dysfunction of a Global Mobilizer? - Answer: shortening and/or decreased
extensibility of the muscles and connecting fascia, muscle spasms and guarding, and overactivity with
lower loads
