ATI PHARMACOLOGY CARDIOVASCULAR ACTUAL EXAM
2024/2025 QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED CORRECT ANSWERS/
ALREADY GRADED A++
begin taking verapamil (calan) tx atrial fibrillation, should tell to avoid
grapefruit juice because it can cause - ANSWER Hypotension
-Large amounts of grapefruit juice can increase blood levels of verapamil
by inhibiting its metabolism. The excess amount of drug can intensify
otherwise therapeutic effects like hypotension, causing serious risks for
syncope and dizziness
drug therapy options for HTN, patient has S/S depression that require tx.
Which antihypertensive drugs is inappropriate? - ANSWER Reserpine
Severe depression &an increased risk for suicide are AE of adrenergic
neuron blockers, such as reserpine. These effects can persist after patient
stop taking these drugs. These adverse effects develop because of the
depletion of serotonin and norepinephrine.
amiodarone (cordarone) to tx atrial fibrillation, which should tell patient to
avoid? - ANSWER Grapefruit juice
-Grapefruit juice, particularly in large amounts, can cause toxicity of
potassium channel blockers, such as amiodarone
simvastatin (Zocor) to treat hypercholesterolemia tell pt. to report what
indications of serious ADR that could warrant stopping drug therapy? -
ANSWER Muscle Pain
-Simvastatin, an HMG-CoA reductase inhiitor (statin), can cause myopathy
or pain in muscles and joints that can progress to rhabdomyolysis. With this
rare but serious adverse effect, muscle protein breaks down and its
excretion causes kidney damage.
,eplerenone (inspra) to tx HTN hypertension, instructions should include? -
ANSWER Avoid the use of salt substitutes
Eplerenone, an aldosterone antagonist, can cause hyperkalemia. Many salt
substitutes contain significant amounts of potassium. Patients who take the
drug should not use salt substittues that contain potassium.
A health care professional is caring for a patient who has moderate to
severe HTN & to begin hydralazine therapy monitor the patient for which
adverse reactions to the drug? - ANSWER A lupus-like syndrome
-A systemic lupus erythematosis-like syndrome can develop with
hydralazine, a direct-acting vasodilator. Manifestastions include facial rash,
joint pain, fever, nephritis, and pericarditis. High doese make it more likely.
Fluid retention and edema can also develop
question the use of nifedipine (procardia) for a patient who has a history of
which of the following? - ANSWER Unstable angina pectoris
-nifedipine, a calcium channel blocker, can cause reflex tachycardia, an
adverse effect that can worsen angina pain because it increases cardiac
oxygen demand
digoxin (lanoxin) develops ECG changes and other s/s that indicate severe
digoxin toxicity. Which of the following drugs should have available to treat
this complication? - ANSWER Fab antibody fragments (digibind)
-Fab antibody fragments, also called digoxin immune Fab, binds to digoxin
and blocks its action. The health care professional should prepare to
administer this antidote IV to patients who have severe digoxin toxicity
question the use of milrinone (primacor) for a patient who currently has
which of the following? - ANSWER Acute myocardial infarction
,-Milrinone, a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, is contraindicated for patients
who have had an allergic reaction to phosphodiesterase inhibitors and for
patients who have an acute myocardial infarction and aortic or pulmonary
valve disorders
therapy options treating a patient's cardiac dysrhythmia which of the
following antidysrhythymic drugs is appropriate only for short-term use
because of its severe adverse effects with long-term use? - ANSWER
Procainamide
-Procainamide, a sodium channel blocker and a broad-spectrum
antidysrhythmic, is a poor choice for long-term control of dysrhythmias
because of its risk for serious adverse effects, including cardiotoxicity and
arterial embolism
to begin captopril (capoten) therapy to treat HTN tell her to report the
following adverse effect because they can indicate a need to stop drug
therapy? (select all that apply) - ANSWER Rash
Distorted taste
Swelling of the tongue
Dry cough
administer atenolol (tenormin) to a patient who has HTN. Which
assessments should be perform prior to giving? - ANSWER Apical Pulse
-Atenolol, a beta1 adrenergic blocking agent, can cause bradycardia and
orthostaitc hypotension. Health care professionals should withhold the drug
for an apical heart rate slower than 60/min and notify the primary care
provider
question the use of dobutamine for a patient who is receiving which of the
following types of drugs? (select all that apply) - ANSWER Monoamine
oxidase inhibitor
General anesthetic
Tricyclic antidepressant
Beta blocker
, to begin taking ethacrynic acid (edecrin) to tx HF; tell the patient to report
which indication of a serious adverse reaction? - ANSWER Hearing loss
-Ethacrynic acid, a high-ceiling loop diuretic similar in actions and effects to
furosemide (lasix), can cause ototoxicity, which can lead to permanent
hearing loss. While hearing loss is transient with furosemide, it is
sometimes permanent with ethacrynic acid.
clonidine (catapres) to tx HTN , the health care professional should explain
that DC abruptly can result in which adverse effect? - ANSWER
Hypertension
-Abruptly discontinuing clonidine, a centrally acting alpha2 agonist, can
cause rebound hypertension. The drug's target receptors are in the CNS.
By stimulating these receptors, sympathetic outflow to the peripheral blood
vessels decreases. Thus, the blood vessels dilate and the heart rate slows.
Stopping drug therapy causes rebound outflow from the sympathetic
nervous system and a sudden and significant rise in blood pressure that
can lead to a hypertensive crisis.
assessing a patient following the administration of nifedipine (procardia).
Recognizing the adverse effects of nifedipine, the health care professional
should be prepared to administer which of the following drugs? - ANSWER
Propranolol (Inderal)
-Nifedipine, a calcium channel blocker, can cause reflex tachycardia, an
adverse effect that increases cardiac oxygen demand. Administering a
beta-adrenergic blocker, such as propranolol, will minimize this adverse
effect
propranolol (inderal) to treat a tachydysrhythmia. The health care
professional should caution the patient about taking which of the following
types of over-the-counter drugs? - ANSWER Antacids
-Antacids and vitamin C can decrease the absorption of propranolol, a beta
adrenergic blocker. Patients should avoid taking these over-the-counter
2024/2025 QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED CORRECT ANSWERS/
ALREADY GRADED A++
begin taking verapamil (calan) tx atrial fibrillation, should tell to avoid
grapefruit juice because it can cause - ANSWER Hypotension
-Large amounts of grapefruit juice can increase blood levels of verapamil
by inhibiting its metabolism. The excess amount of drug can intensify
otherwise therapeutic effects like hypotension, causing serious risks for
syncope and dizziness
drug therapy options for HTN, patient has S/S depression that require tx.
Which antihypertensive drugs is inappropriate? - ANSWER Reserpine
Severe depression &an increased risk for suicide are AE of adrenergic
neuron blockers, such as reserpine. These effects can persist after patient
stop taking these drugs. These adverse effects develop because of the
depletion of serotonin and norepinephrine.
amiodarone (cordarone) to tx atrial fibrillation, which should tell patient to
avoid? - ANSWER Grapefruit juice
-Grapefruit juice, particularly in large amounts, can cause toxicity of
potassium channel blockers, such as amiodarone
simvastatin (Zocor) to treat hypercholesterolemia tell pt. to report what
indications of serious ADR that could warrant stopping drug therapy? -
ANSWER Muscle Pain
-Simvastatin, an HMG-CoA reductase inhiitor (statin), can cause myopathy
or pain in muscles and joints that can progress to rhabdomyolysis. With this
rare but serious adverse effect, muscle protein breaks down and its
excretion causes kidney damage.
,eplerenone (inspra) to tx HTN hypertension, instructions should include? -
ANSWER Avoid the use of salt substitutes
Eplerenone, an aldosterone antagonist, can cause hyperkalemia. Many salt
substitutes contain significant amounts of potassium. Patients who take the
drug should not use salt substittues that contain potassium.
A health care professional is caring for a patient who has moderate to
severe HTN & to begin hydralazine therapy monitor the patient for which
adverse reactions to the drug? - ANSWER A lupus-like syndrome
-A systemic lupus erythematosis-like syndrome can develop with
hydralazine, a direct-acting vasodilator. Manifestastions include facial rash,
joint pain, fever, nephritis, and pericarditis. High doese make it more likely.
Fluid retention and edema can also develop
question the use of nifedipine (procardia) for a patient who has a history of
which of the following? - ANSWER Unstable angina pectoris
-nifedipine, a calcium channel blocker, can cause reflex tachycardia, an
adverse effect that can worsen angina pain because it increases cardiac
oxygen demand
digoxin (lanoxin) develops ECG changes and other s/s that indicate severe
digoxin toxicity. Which of the following drugs should have available to treat
this complication? - ANSWER Fab antibody fragments (digibind)
-Fab antibody fragments, also called digoxin immune Fab, binds to digoxin
and blocks its action. The health care professional should prepare to
administer this antidote IV to patients who have severe digoxin toxicity
question the use of milrinone (primacor) for a patient who currently has
which of the following? - ANSWER Acute myocardial infarction
,-Milrinone, a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, is contraindicated for patients
who have had an allergic reaction to phosphodiesterase inhibitors and for
patients who have an acute myocardial infarction and aortic or pulmonary
valve disorders
therapy options treating a patient's cardiac dysrhythmia which of the
following antidysrhythymic drugs is appropriate only for short-term use
because of its severe adverse effects with long-term use? - ANSWER
Procainamide
-Procainamide, a sodium channel blocker and a broad-spectrum
antidysrhythmic, is a poor choice for long-term control of dysrhythmias
because of its risk for serious adverse effects, including cardiotoxicity and
arterial embolism
to begin captopril (capoten) therapy to treat HTN tell her to report the
following adverse effect because they can indicate a need to stop drug
therapy? (select all that apply) - ANSWER Rash
Distorted taste
Swelling of the tongue
Dry cough
administer atenolol (tenormin) to a patient who has HTN. Which
assessments should be perform prior to giving? - ANSWER Apical Pulse
-Atenolol, a beta1 adrenergic blocking agent, can cause bradycardia and
orthostaitc hypotension. Health care professionals should withhold the drug
for an apical heart rate slower than 60/min and notify the primary care
provider
question the use of dobutamine for a patient who is receiving which of the
following types of drugs? (select all that apply) - ANSWER Monoamine
oxidase inhibitor
General anesthetic
Tricyclic antidepressant
Beta blocker
, to begin taking ethacrynic acid (edecrin) to tx HF; tell the patient to report
which indication of a serious adverse reaction? - ANSWER Hearing loss
-Ethacrynic acid, a high-ceiling loop diuretic similar in actions and effects to
furosemide (lasix), can cause ototoxicity, which can lead to permanent
hearing loss. While hearing loss is transient with furosemide, it is
sometimes permanent with ethacrynic acid.
clonidine (catapres) to tx HTN , the health care professional should explain
that DC abruptly can result in which adverse effect? - ANSWER
Hypertension
-Abruptly discontinuing clonidine, a centrally acting alpha2 agonist, can
cause rebound hypertension. The drug's target receptors are in the CNS.
By stimulating these receptors, sympathetic outflow to the peripheral blood
vessels decreases. Thus, the blood vessels dilate and the heart rate slows.
Stopping drug therapy causes rebound outflow from the sympathetic
nervous system and a sudden and significant rise in blood pressure that
can lead to a hypertensive crisis.
assessing a patient following the administration of nifedipine (procardia).
Recognizing the adverse effects of nifedipine, the health care professional
should be prepared to administer which of the following drugs? - ANSWER
Propranolol (Inderal)
-Nifedipine, a calcium channel blocker, can cause reflex tachycardia, an
adverse effect that increases cardiac oxygen demand. Administering a
beta-adrenergic blocker, such as propranolol, will minimize this adverse
effect
propranolol (inderal) to treat a tachydysrhythmia. The health care
professional should caution the patient about taking which of the following
types of over-the-counter drugs? - ANSWER Antacids
-Antacids and vitamin C can decrease the absorption of propranolol, a beta
adrenergic blocker. Patients should avoid taking these over-the-counter
