what type of protein structure is formed by the H bonding of amino acid
residues? - ANSWER secondary
what are the 2 basic types of secondary protein structure? - ANSWER alpha
helix and beta-sheet
Describe the alpha helix - ANSWER a spiral structure formed by a single
polypeptide chain;
each C=O is H bonded to the N-H group that is 4 amino acids down the strand
Describe the beta-sheet - ANSWER H bonds are between strands rather than
within a strand
what are the 2 types of beta sheets? Which one is more stable? - ANSWER
Parallel (H bonds angled) and antiparallel n(H bonds are colinear with the
covalent bonds-this one is more stable)
what do we call a sharp bend in a polypeptide chain that allows the strand to
reverse its direction (fold up on itself)? - ANSWER beta turn
what protein shape contains segments of both alpha helices and beta sheets? -
ANSWER globular proteins
what protein structure is linear and serves as a structural role in cells? Hint:
these structures tend to have specialized tertiary structure - ANSWER fibrous
proteins
what is the tertiary structure of collagen? (main component of connective tissue)
- ANSWER Collagen is a fibrous protein that consists of a special helix of 3
intertwined polypeptide chains (triple helix that is right handed and held
together by H bonds)
, what is the tertiary structure of alpha keratin? (found in hair, fingernails) -
ANSWER coiling of alpha helices
what is the tertiary structure of fibroin and beta keratin? - ANSWER primarily
stacked beta sheets
In addition to the polypeptide chain, what type of protein contains a component
such as carbohydrate, lipid, nucleic acid, phosphate groups, metal ions, heme, or
flavin? - ANSWER conjugated proteins
In what state do water molecules form a rapidly changing, random network of H
bonds? - ANSWER liquid state
how do water molecules interact with ions? - ANSWER they form hydration
shells around ions (direct ionic interaction)
how do water molecules interact with hydrophobic/nonpolar solutes? -
ANSWER they form clathrate (cagelike/hexagonal) structures around the
hydrophobe (transient, no direct interaction)
how do water molecules interact with polar solutes? - ANSWER they form H
bonds with the polar solute
how do water molecules interact with amphiphilic molecules? - ANSWER
they form micelles
What does pH measure? - ANSWER hydrogen ion concentration
what system buffers the intracellular fluid of cells? - ANSWER phosphate
buffer system
what 2 ions are involved in the phosphate buffer system? - ANSWER
H2PO4(-) and HPO4(2-)
what is the important buffer system of blood plasma? - ANSWER carbonate
buffer system
residues? - ANSWER secondary
what are the 2 basic types of secondary protein structure? - ANSWER alpha
helix and beta-sheet
Describe the alpha helix - ANSWER a spiral structure formed by a single
polypeptide chain;
each C=O is H bonded to the N-H group that is 4 amino acids down the strand
Describe the beta-sheet - ANSWER H bonds are between strands rather than
within a strand
what are the 2 types of beta sheets? Which one is more stable? - ANSWER
Parallel (H bonds angled) and antiparallel n(H bonds are colinear with the
covalent bonds-this one is more stable)
what do we call a sharp bend in a polypeptide chain that allows the strand to
reverse its direction (fold up on itself)? - ANSWER beta turn
what protein shape contains segments of both alpha helices and beta sheets? -
ANSWER globular proteins
what protein structure is linear and serves as a structural role in cells? Hint:
these structures tend to have specialized tertiary structure - ANSWER fibrous
proteins
what is the tertiary structure of collagen? (main component of connective tissue)
- ANSWER Collagen is a fibrous protein that consists of a special helix of 3
intertwined polypeptide chains (triple helix that is right handed and held
together by H bonds)
, what is the tertiary structure of alpha keratin? (found in hair, fingernails) -
ANSWER coiling of alpha helices
what is the tertiary structure of fibroin and beta keratin? - ANSWER primarily
stacked beta sheets
In addition to the polypeptide chain, what type of protein contains a component
such as carbohydrate, lipid, nucleic acid, phosphate groups, metal ions, heme, or
flavin? - ANSWER conjugated proteins
In what state do water molecules form a rapidly changing, random network of H
bonds? - ANSWER liquid state
how do water molecules interact with ions? - ANSWER they form hydration
shells around ions (direct ionic interaction)
how do water molecules interact with hydrophobic/nonpolar solutes? -
ANSWER they form clathrate (cagelike/hexagonal) structures around the
hydrophobe (transient, no direct interaction)
how do water molecules interact with polar solutes? - ANSWER they form H
bonds with the polar solute
how do water molecules interact with amphiphilic molecules? - ANSWER
they form micelles
What does pH measure? - ANSWER hydrogen ion concentration
what system buffers the intracellular fluid of cells? - ANSWER phosphate
buffer system
what 2 ions are involved in the phosphate buffer system? - ANSWER
H2PO4(-) and HPO4(2-)
what is the important buffer system of blood plasma? - ANSWER carbonate
buffer system
