©THESTAR EXAM SOLUTIONS 2024/2025
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Pn 105 - Chapter 40 - Introduction to
Microbiology. Exam Study Guide.
Microorganism - answer✔*microbe* is an individual living animal or plant that is so small, it can
be seen only with the aid of a microscope. found literally everywhere in the environment.
*metabolism* (ability to utilize nutrients), *reproduction* (ability to group together to form
colonies or of individual cells to become larger), *irritability* (response to the environment),
*motion* (ability to move from place to place), *protection* (including spores, mutation, and
development of drug-resistant strains).
endemic - answer✔organisms present all or most of the time in and on the body
microbiology - answer✔study of microorganisms
pathogens - answer✔disease-producing agents
aerobes - answer✔microorganisms that requires oxygen for growth
anaerobes - answer✔microorganisms that cannot survive in the presence of oxygen.
parasites - answer✔microorganisms that live on or within another living being (the host).
saprophytes - answer✔live off the organic remains of dead plants and animals.
pH - answer✔hydrogen ion concentration; acidity or alkalinity
sterile - answer✔free from microbial contamination.
culture & sensitivity - answer✔test that identifies the pathogenic microorganism (culture),
determines which treatment will eliminate the microorganism (sensitivity), and monitors the
microorganism's response to the treatment.
cultures - answer✔used to identify the organism and, in the case of a pathogen, to then
determine ways in which to arrest its growth. grown in test tubes or on small, flat covered
plastic plates called petri dishes.
1|Page
, ©THESTAR EXAM SOLUTIONS 2024/2025
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
cold temperatures often significantly slow the growth of microorganisms - answer✔why is
refrigeration used to control bacterial growth in food?
high temperatures - answer✔what usually kill most microorganisms?
many die although moderately diffused light does not affect them - answer✔what happens to
microorganisms exposed to the sun's ultraviolet rays?
microbiologists - answer✔can grow microbes under controlled conditions in the laboratory in
order to study them
culture medium - answer✔the material in or on which the microorganisms are placed
algae - answer✔often found on sunlit water, appearing as green scum or green cloudy water
fungi - answer✔include single-cell yeast and multicellular molds. *of their own*
mycosis - answer✔an infection caused by a fungus
tinea - answer✔ringworm
tinea capitis - answer✔causes a lesion on the scalp
tinea pedis - answer✔causes athlete's foot
mycology - answer✔study of fungi
yeasts - answer✔cells reproduce by a process called *budding*. each parent cell produces a
*"daughter cell"*& or bud that eventually breaks off and grows in the same manner as the
parent cell. requires sugars in the absence of their food.
fermentation - answer✔when yeast metabolize sugars in the absence of oxygen, this chemical
change occurs producing *alcohol and carbon dioxide*.
beer and bread - answer✔controlled fermentation manufactures these products
Candida albicans - answer✔pathogenic yeast that causes thrush
thrush - answer✔a white growth in a person's mouth and on the tongue
spores - answer✔give molds their characteristic colors.
molds - answer✔appear as fuzzy patches on jelly, greenish growth on spoiled breads, and blue
veins in some cheeses.
protozoa - answer✔single-celled microorganisms visible under an ordinary lab microscope
2|Page
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Pn 105 - Chapter 40 - Introduction to
Microbiology. Exam Study Guide.
Microorganism - answer✔*microbe* is an individual living animal or plant that is so small, it can
be seen only with the aid of a microscope. found literally everywhere in the environment.
*metabolism* (ability to utilize nutrients), *reproduction* (ability to group together to form
colonies or of individual cells to become larger), *irritability* (response to the environment),
*motion* (ability to move from place to place), *protection* (including spores, mutation, and
development of drug-resistant strains).
endemic - answer✔organisms present all or most of the time in and on the body
microbiology - answer✔study of microorganisms
pathogens - answer✔disease-producing agents
aerobes - answer✔microorganisms that requires oxygen for growth
anaerobes - answer✔microorganisms that cannot survive in the presence of oxygen.
parasites - answer✔microorganisms that live on or within another living being (the host).
saprophytes - answer✔live off the organic remains of dead plants and animals.
pH - answer✔hydrogen ion concentration; acidity or alkalinity
sterile - answer✔free from microbial contamination.
culture & sensitivity - answer✔test that identifies the pathogenic microorganism (culture),
determines which treatment will eliminate the microorganism (sensitivity), and monitors the
microorganism's response to the treatment.
cultures - answer✔used to identify the organism and, in the case of a pathogen, to then
determine ways in which to arrest its growth. grown in test tubes or on small, flat covered
plastic plates called petri dishes.
1|Page
, ©THESTAR EXAM SOLUTIONS 2024/2025
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
cold temperatures often significantly slow the growth of microorganisms - answer✔why is
refrigeration used to control bacterial growth in food?
high temperatures - answer✔what usually kill most microorganisms?
many die although moderately diffused light does not affect them - answer✔what happens to
microorganisms exposed to the sun's ultraviolet rays?
microbiologists - answer✔can grow microbes under controlled conditions in the laboratory in
order to study them
culture medium - answer✔the material in or on which the microorganisms are placed
algae - answer✔often found on sunlit water, appearing as green scum or green cloudy water
fungi - answer✔include single-cell yeast and multicellular molds. *of their own*
mycosis - answer✔an infection caused by a fungus
tinea - answer✔ringworm
tinea capitis - answer✔causes a lesion on the scalp
tinea pedis - answer✔causes athlete's foot
mycology - answer✔study of fungi
yeasts - answer✔cells reproduce by a process called *budding*. each parent cell produces a
*"daughter cell"*& or bud that eventually breaks off and grows in the same manner as the
parent cell. requires sugars in the absence of their food.
fermentation - answer✔when yeast metabolize sugars in the absence of oxygen, this chemical
change occurs producing *alcohol and carbon dioxide*.
beer and bread - answer✔controlled fermentation manufactures these products
Candida albicans - answer✔pathogenic yeast that causes thrush
thrush - answer✔a white growth in a person's mouth and on the tongue
spores - answer✔give molds their characteristic colors.
molds - answer✔appear as fuzzy patches on jelly, greenish growth on spoiled breads, and blue
veins in some cheeses.
protozoa - answer✔single-celled microorganisms visible under an ordinary lab microscope
2|Page
