©THESTAR EXAM SOLUTIONS 2024/2025
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
ASU BIO 340 Exam 1 Study Guide.
Selective breeding (artificial selection) - answer✔the process of developing organisms with
specific characteristics as chosen by the breeders
selective breeding (artificial selection) - answer✔the process of developing organisms with
specific characteristics as chosen by the breeders
Gregor Mendel (1822-1884) - answer✔Amateur botanist who published an explanation of
hereditary transmission in plants in 1866. Known for his pea-plant experiments and commonly
referred to as the "father of genetics"
Gregor Mendel (1822-1884) - answer✔Amateur botanist who published an explanation of
hereditary transmission in plants in 1866. Known for his pea-plant experiments and commonly
referred to as the "father of genetics"
modern genetics - answer✔the study of heredity and the variation of inherited characteristics
modern genetics - answer✔the study of heredity and the variation of inherited characteristics
bacterial transforming principle - answer✔an experiment proposed by Frederick Griffith in 1928
which suggested that a "transforming principle" from a heat-killed virulent Pneumococcus
strain can transform a non-virulent strain into a pathogenic one.
1|Page
, ©THESTAR EXAM SOLUTIONS 2024/2025
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
bacterial transforming principle - answer✔an experiment proposed by Frederick Griffith in 1928
which suggested that a "transforming principle" from a heat-killed virulent Pneumococcus
strain can transform a non-virulent strain into a pathogenic one.
Avery, McCarty, MacLeod (1944) - answer✔biological researchers who identified DNA as the
likely transforming principle in Griffith's experiment.
Avery, McCarty, MacLeod (1944) - answer✔biological researchers who identified DNA as the
likely transforming principle in Griffith's experiment.
Hershey and Chase (1952) - answer✔concluded that the genetic material of the bacteriophage
was DNA, not protein.
Hershey and Chase (1952) - answer✔concluded that the genetic material of the bacteriophage
was DNA, not protein.
Edwin Chargaff - answer✔Austrian biochemist who discovered that identical quantities of A and
T, C and G were present in DNA (developed the complementary base-pairing rule for DNA).
Edwin Chargaff - answer✔Austrian biochemist who discovered that identical quantities of A and
T, C and G were present in DNA (developed the complementary base-pairing rule for DNA).
Frederick Griffith (1928) - answer✔British bacteriologist; the first person to show that
hereditary information could be transferred from one cell to another horizontally rather than
vertically
2|Page
, ©THESTAR EXAM SOLUTIONS 2024/2025
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Frederick Griffith (1928) - answer✔British bacteriologist; the first person to show that
hereditary information could be transferred from one cell to another horizontally rather than
vertically
genome - answer✔the complete set of genetic information carried by a species
genome - answer✔the complete set of genetic information carried by a species
vertical transmission - answer✔gene transmission between organisms without parental
reproduction
vertical transmission - answer✔gene transmission between organisms without parental
reproduction
horizontal transmission - answer✔gene transmission from parents to their offspring through
reproduction (aka person-to-person)
horizontal transmission - answer✔gene transmission from parents to their offspring through
reproduction (aka person-to-person)
DNA replication - answer✔the process in which DNA makes a duplicate copy of itself.
DNA replication - answer✔the process in which DNA makes a duplicate copy of itself.
transcription - answer✔synthesis of an RNA molecule from a DNA template
transcription - answer✔synthesis of an RNA molecule from a DNA template
3|Page
, ©THESTAR EXAM SOLUTIONS 2024/2025
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
mRNA (messenger RNA) - answer✔a single-stranded RNA molecule that encodes the
information to make a protein
mRNA (messenger RNA) - answer✔a single-stranded RNA molecule that encodes the
information to make a protein
hereditary material - answer✔the information which is passed from one cellular generation to
the next (encoded in DNA in humans).
hereditary material - answer✔the information which is passed from one cellular generation to
the next (encoded in DNA in humans).
Pauling and Corey (1951) - answer✔biological researchers who provided the basis for research
on DNA structure (proposed an alpha helix model as a structure for nucleic acid)
Pauling and Corey (1951) - answer✔biological researchers who provided the basis for research
on DNA structure (proposed an alpha helix model as a structure for nucleic acid)
Watson and Crick (1953) - answer✔the two scientists who discovered the structure and shape
of DNA
Watson and Crick (1953) - answer✔the two scientists who discovered the structure and shape
of DNA
nucleotide - answer✔a building block of DNA, consisting of a five-carbon sugar covalently
bonded to a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group.
4|Page
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
ASU BIO 340 Exam 1 Study Guide.
Selective breeding (artificial selection) - answer✔the process of developing organisms with
specific characteristics as chosen by the breeders
selective breeding (artificial selection) - answer✔the process of developing organisms with
specific characteristics as chosen by the breeders
Gregor Mendel (1822-1884) - answer✔Amateur botanist who published an explanation of
hereditary transmission in plants in 1866. Known for his pea-plant experiments and commonly
referred to as the "father of genetics"
Gregor Mendel (1822-1884) - answer✔Amateur botanist who published an explanation of
hereditary transmission in plants in 1866. Known for his pea-plant experiments and commonly
referred to as the "father of genetics"
modern genetics - answer✔the study of heredity and the variation of inherited characteristics
modern genetics - answer✔the study of heredity and the variation of inherited characteristics
bacterial transforming principle - answer✔an experiment proposed by Frederick Griffith in 1928
which suggested that a "transforming principle" from a heat-killed virulent Pneumococcus
strain can transform a non-virulent strain into a pathogenic one.
1|Page
, ©THESTAR EXAM SOLUTIONS 2024/2025
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
bacterial transforming principle - answer✔an experiment proposed by Frederick Griffith in 1928
which suggested that a "transforming principle" from a heat-killed virulent Pneumococcus
strain can transform a non-virulent strain into a pathogenic one.
Avery, McCarty, MacLeod (1944) - answer✔biological researchers who identified DNA as the
likely transforming principle in Griffith's experiment.
Avery, McCarty, MacLeod (1944) - answer✔biological researchers who identified DNA as the
likely transforming principle in Griffith's experiment.
Hershey and Chase (1952) - answer✔concluded that the genetic material of the bacteriophage
was DNA, not protein.
Hershey and Chase (1952) - answer✔concluded that the genetic material of the bacteriophage
was DNA, not protein.
Edwin Chargaff - answer✔Austrian biochemist who discovered that identical quantities of A and
T, C and G were present in DNA (developed the complementary base-pairing rule for DNA).
Edwin Chargaff - answer✔Austrian biochemist who discovered that identical quantities of A and
T, C and G were present in DNA (developed the complementary base-pairing rule for DNA).
Frederick Griffith (1928) - answer✔British bacteriologist; the first person to show that
hereditary information could be transferred from one cell to another horizontally rather than
vertically
2|Page
, ©THESTAR EXAM SOLUTIONS 2024/2025
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Frederick Griffith (1928) - answer✔British bacteriologist; the first person to show that
hereditary information could be transferred from one cell to another horizontally rather than
vertically
genome - answer✔the complete set of genetic information carried by a species
genome - answer✔the complete set of genetic information carried by a species
vertical transmission - answer✔gene transmission between organisms without parental
reproduction
vertical transmission - answer✔gene transmission between organisms without parental
reproduction
horizontal transmission - answer✔gene transmission from parents to their offspring through
reproduction (aka person-to-person)
horizontal transmission - answer✔gene transmission from parents to their offspring through
reproduction (aka person-to-person)
DNA replication - answer✔the process in which DNA makes a duplicate copy of itself.
DNA replication - answer✔the process in which DNA makes a duplicate copy of itself.
transcription - answer✔synthesis of an RNA molecule from a DNA template
transcription - answer✔synthesis of an RNA molecule from a DNA template
3|Page
, ©THESTAR EXAM SOLUTIONS 2024/2025
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
mRNA (messenger RNA) - answer✔a single-stranded RNA molecule that encodes the
information to make a protein
mRNA (messenger RNA) - answer✔a single-stranded RNA molecule that encodes the
information to make a protein
hereditary material - answer✔the information which is passed from one cellular generation to
the next (encoded in DNA in humans).
hereditary material - answer✔the information which is passed from one cellular generation to
the next (encoded in DNA in humans).
Pauling and Corey (1951) - answer✔biological researchers who provided the basis for research
on DNA structure (proposed an alpha helix model as a structure for nucleic acid)
Pauling and Corey (1951) - answer✔biological researchers who provided the basis for research
on DNA structure (proposed an alpha helix model as a structure for nucleic acid)
Watson and Crick (1953) - answer✔the two scientists who discovered the structure and shape
of DNA
Watson and Crick (1953) - answer✔the two scientists who discovered the structure and shape
of DNA
nucleotide - answer✔a building block of DNA, consisting of a five-carbon sugar covalently
bonded to a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group.
4|Page
