BIOL 112 Exam 3 Questions With Complete Solutions
_____ in carbon dioxide in your red blood cells, which causes
_____ in pH, causes your breathing to speed up.
A. An increase ... a drop
B. An increase ... a rise
C. A decrease ... a rise
D. A decrease ... a drop
E. Actually, it is the rise and fall of oxygen, not carbon dioxide,
that controls breathing. Correct Answers A. An increase ... a
drop
_____ interact with the antigen-class II MHC complex presented
by macrophages.
A. Epithelial cells
B. Bacterial cells
C. Cytotoxic T cells
D. Helper T cells
E. B cells Correct Answers D. Helper T cells
1. The kidney's ability to concentrate urine depends on the
maintenance of an osmolarity gradient between the interstitial
fluid of two structures: the cortex and the _____. Correct
Answers medulla
2. This osmolarity gradient is maintained by both the passive
transport and the active transport of _____. Correct Answers
NaCl
,3. The osmolarity gradient is also maintained by the passive
transport of _____. Correct Answers urea
4. Water responds to the osmolarity gradient by moving from an
area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute
concentration--a process called _____. Correct Answers
osmosis
5. Osmosis does not require energy. For this reason, osmosis is a
form of _____. Correct Answers passive transport
6. The loss of water from the _____ results in urine that is highly
concentrated. Correct Answers filtrate
A man who has been exposed to the flu virus is tested by his
physician. The physician notes that the virus is present but no
measurable level of antibodies corresponding to the virus are
detected in his body. What might this mean?
A. He was probably exposed more than several months ago,
antibody production has ceased, and antibodies are no longer
detectable.
B. He was probably exposed sometime within the past two
weeks, but we don't have enough information to say more.
C. He was probably exposed a few days ago and clonal selection
has yet to produce plasma cells. Correct Answers C. He was
probably exposed a few days ago and clonal selection has yet to
produce plasma cells.
An antigen _____.
, A. is a protein attacked by an invading microorganism
B. could be an invading bacterium
C. induces development of white blood cells in the bone marrow
D. is a foreign molecule that evokes a specific response by a
lymphocyte
E. is a protein molecule that helps defend the body against
disease Correct Answers D. is a foreign molecule that evokes a
specific response by a lymphocyte
Ascending limb of the loop of Henle Correct Answers -
passive transport of NaCl in the thin segment and active
transport of NaCl in the thick segment
- no aquaporins (water channels)
B cells that have been stimulated by interleukin-2 develop into
_____.
A. cytotoxic T cells
B. plasma cells
C. helper T cells
D. macrophages
E. antigens Correct Answers B. plasma cells
Birds, insects, and many reptiles excrete nitrogenous waste in
the form of uric acid, which _____.
A. is much more soluble in water than other nitrogenous wastes,
but is energetically costlier than other nitrogenous wastes to
synthesize
B. is not very toxic compared to other nitrogenous wastes, but
requires the loss of a lot of water with its excretion
_____ in carbon dioxide in your red blood cells, which causes
_____ in pH, causes your breathing to speed up.
A. An increase ... a drop
B. An increase ... a rise
C. A decrease ... a rise
D. A decrease ... a drop
E. Actually, it is the rise and fall of oxygen, not carbon dioxide,
that controls breathing. Correct Answers A. An increase ... a
drop
_____ interact with the antigen-class II MHC complex presented
by macrophages.
A. Epithelial cells
B. Bacterial cells
C. Cytotoxic T cells
D. Helper T cells
E. B cells Correct Answers D. Helper T cells
1. The kidney's ability to concentrate urine depends on the
maintenance of an osmolarity gradient between the interstitial
fluid of two structures: the cortex and the _____. Correct
Answers medulla
2. This osmolarity gradient is maintained by both the passive
transport and the active transport of _____. Correct Answers
NaCl
,3. The osmolarity gradient is also maintained by the passive
transport of _____. Correct Answers urea
4. Water responds to the osmolarity gradient by moving from an
area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute
concentration--a process called _____. Correct Answers
osmosis
5. Osmosis does not require energy. For this reason, osmosis is a
form of _____. Correct Answers passive transport
6. The loss of water from the _____ results in urine that is highly
concentrated. Correct Answers filtrate
A man who has been exposed to the flu virus is tested by his
physician. The physician notes that the virus is present but no
measurable level of antibodies corresponding to the virus are
detected in his body. What might this mean?
A. He was probably exposed more than several months ago,
antibody production has ceased, and antibodies are no longer
detectable.
B. He was probably exposed sometime within the past two
weeks, but we don't have enough information to say more.
C. He was probably exposed a few days ago and clonal selection
has yet to produce plasma cells. Correct Answers C. He was
probably exposed a few days ago and clonal selection has yet to
produce plasma cells.
An antigen _____.
, A. is a protein attacked by an invading microorganism
B. could be an invading bacterium
C. induces development of white blood cells in the bone marrow
D. is a foreign molecule that evokes a specific response by a
lymphocyte
E. is a protein molecule that helps defend the body against
disease Correct Answers D. is a foreign molecule that evokes a
specific response by a lymphocyte
Ascending limb of the loop of Henle Correct Answers -
passive transport of NaCl in the thin segment and active
transport of NaCl in the thick segment
- no aquaporins (water channels)
B cells that have been stimulated by interleukin-2 develop into
_____.
A. cytotoxic T cells
B. plasma cells
C. helper T cells
D. macrophages
E. antigens Correct Answers B. plasma cells
Birds, insects, and many reptiles excrete nitrogenous waste in
the form of uric acid, which _____.
A. is much more soluble in water than other nitrogenous wastes,
but is energetically costlier than other nitrogenous wastes to
synthesize
B. is not very toxic compared to other nitrogenous wastes, but
requires the loss of a lot of water with its excretion
