HESI A2 BIOLOGY QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
,GRADED A+
Hierarchic Organizational system for nomenclature- ANSWERS Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species (Least)
"Keep Penguins Cool or Find Good Shelter"
Scientific Method- ANSWERS Observation
Hypothesis
Experiment
Conclusion
Water- ANSWERS All life, and therefore biology , occurs in water.
Properties of Water- ANSWERS 2 Hydrogen bonds Covalently bonded to
Oxygen.
Hydrogen Bonding between molecules.
- High specific heat
- Large bodies or water stabilize climates
- Strong cohesive and adhesive properties
- Water freezes forms a lattice crystal resulting in ice floating in water.
- Polarity of water allows it to act as a universal solvent.
- Water can be used to dissolve different solvents.
Carbohydrates- ANSWERS Long chains, or polymers of sugar. Most importantly
form the backbone of DNA and RNA.
Lipids- ANSWERS Fats (Saturated and Unsaturated)
Steroids, lipids and fats
, Saturated fat- ANSWERS Clogs arteries. No double bonds in their hydrocarbon
tail. Solid at room temperature.
Unsaturated fat- ANSWERS Double bond in their hydrocarbon tail. Liquid at
room temperature.
Phospholipids- ANSWERS Phosphate group (polar) soluble in water.
Hydrocarbon tail of fatty acids is nonpolar and nonsoluble in water.
Ex. Cell Membrane
Steroids- ANSWERS Are lipids, which are precursors to hormones and drugs
Proteins- ANSWERS They are Polymers of 20 molecules called Amino Acids.
Enzymes are a type of protein, which catalyze different reactions or processes.
Largest Biological Molecule
Metabolism- ANSWERS Sum of all chemical reactions that occur in an organism.
- High energy to low energy.
- All reactions are catabolyzed by enzymes
Cell- ANSWERS Fundamental unit of biology
Prokaryotic Cells- ANSWERS Lack defined nucleus and do not contain
membrane- bound organelles.
Eukaryotic Cells- ANSWERS Membrane-enclosed nucleus and series of
membrane-bound organelles that carry out the functions of the cell as directed by
the genetic information contained in the nucleus.
Nucleus- ANSWERS Contains DNA called Chromosomes.
Ribosomes- ANSWERS Are organelles that read the RNA produced in the
nucleus and translate the genetic instructions to produce proteins.
Bound ribosomes- ANSWERS Are found attached to the endoplasmic reticulum
(ER)
Free ribosomes- ANSWERS Are found int he cytoplasm
, Endoplasmic reticulum- ANSWERS Attached to the nucleur membrane and
consists or two continous parts.
Rough ER- ANSWERS Covered in ribosomes and is responsible for protein
synthesis and membrane production.
Smooth ER- ANSWERS Lacks ribosomes. It functions in the detoxification and
metabolism of multiple molecules.
Golgi Apaaratus- ANSWERS Packaging,processing and shipping. "UPS"
Lysosomes- ANSWERS Intracellular digestion. hydrolyze proteins, fats, sugars,
and nucleic acids.
Vacuoles- ANSWERS uptake food through the cell membrane by phagocytosis.
Plant cells have a central vacuole that functions as storage, waste, disposal,
protection, and hydrolysis
Mitochondria- ANSWERS Found in Eukaryotic cells and are the site of cellular
respiration
Chloroplasts- ANSWERS Are found in plants and are the site of photosynthesis
Cellular Respiration Formula- ANSWERS C6H12O2 + 6O2 ------> 6CO2 + 6H20
+ Energy (ATP)
Steps of Aerobic Cellular Respiration- ANSWERS Glycolysis, Kreb's Cycle,
Electron Chain Transport
Steps of Anaerobic Cellular Respiration- ANSWERS Glycolysis and Fermentation
Asexual Reproduction (Mitosis)- ANSWERS Produces 2 daughter cells.
"Everything stays the same"
Sexual Reproduction (Meiosis)- ANSWERS Produces 4 daughter cells 1/2 from
mom 1/2 from Dad
Begin as diploid end as haploid
Homozygous- ANSWERS AA
,GRADED A+
Hierarchic Organizational system for nomenclature- ANSWERS Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species (Least)
"Keep Penguins Cool or Find Good Shelter"
Scientific Method- ANSWERS Observation
Hypothesis
Experiment
Conclusion
Water- ANSWERS All life, and therefore biology , occurs in water.
Properties of Water- ANSWERS 2 Hydrogen bonds Covalently bonded to
Oxygen.
Hydrogen Bonding between molecules.
- High specific heat
- Large bodies or water stabilize climates
- Strong cohesive and adhesive properties
- Water freezes forms a lattice crystal resulting in ice floating in water.
- Polarity of water allows it to act as a universal solvent.
- Water can be used to dissolve different solvents.
Carbohydrates- ANSWERS Long chains, or polymers of sugar. Most importantly
form the backbone of DNA and RNA.
Lipids- ANSWERS Fats (Saturated and Unsaturated)
Steroids, lipids and fats
, Saturated fat- ANSWERS Clogs arteries. No double bonds in their hydrocarbon
tail. Solid at room temperature.
Unsaturated fat- ANSWERS Double bond in their hydrocarbon tail. Liquid at
room temperature.
Phospholipids- ANSWERS Phosphate group (polar) soluble in water.
Hydrocarbon tail of fatty acids is nonpolar and nonsoluble in water.
Ex. Cell Membrane
Steroids- ANSWERS Are lipids, which are precursors to hormones and drugs
Proteins- ANSWERS They are Polymers of 20 molecules called Amino Acids.
Enzymes are a type of protein, which catalyze different reactions or processes.
Largest Biological Molecule
Metabolism- ANSWERS Sum of all chemical reactions that occur in an organism.
- High energy to low energy.
- All reactions are catabolyzed by enzymes
Cell- ANSWERS Fundamental unit of biology
Prokaryotic Cells- ANSWERS Lack defined nucleus and do not contain
membrane- bound organelles.
Eukaryotic Cells- ANSWERS Membrane-enclosed nucleus and series of
membrane-bound organelles that carry out the functions of the cell as directed by
the genetic information contained in the nucleus.
Nucleus- ANSWERS Contains DNA called Chromosomes.
Ribosomes- ANSWERS Are organelles that read the RNA produced in the
nucleus and translate the genetic instructions to produce proteins.
Bound ribosomes- ANSWERS Are found attached to the endoplasmic reticulum
(ER)
Free ribosomes- ANSWERS Are found int he cytoplasm
, Endoplasmic reticulum- ANSWERS Attached to the nucleur membrane and
consists or two continous parts.
Rough ER- ANSWERS Covered in ribosomes and is responsible for protein
synthesis and membrane production.
Smooth ER- ANSWERS Lacks ribosomes. It functions in the detoxification and
metabolism of multiple molecules.
Golgi Apaaratus- ANSWERS Packaging,processing and shipping. "UPS"
Lysosomes- ANSWERS Intracellular digestion. hydrolyze proteins, fats, sugars,
and nucleic acids.
Vacuoles- ANSWERS uptake food through the cell membrane by phagocytosis.
Plant cells have a central vacuole that functions as storage, waste, disposal,
protection, and hydrolysis
Mitochondria- ANSWERS Found in Eukaryotic cells and are the site of cellular
respiration
Chloroplasts- ANSWERS Are found in plants and are the site of photosynthesis
Cellular Respiration Formula- ANSWERS C6H12O2 + 6O2 ------> 6CO2 + 6H20
+ Energy (ATP)
Steps of Aerobic Cellular Respiration- ANSWERS Glycolysis, Kreb's Cycle,
Electron Chain Transport
Steps of Anaerobic Cellular Respiration- ANSWERS Glycolysis and Fermentation
Asexual Reproduction (Mitosis)- ANSWERS Produces 2 daughter cells.
"Everything stays the same"
Sexual Reproduction (Meiosis)- ANSWERS Produces 4 daughter cells 1/2 from
mom 1/2 from Dad
Begin as diploid end as haploid
Homozygous- ANSWERS AA
