©BRIGHTSTARS EXAM SOLUTIONS
11/16/2024 10:16 AM
PHS3300 - diabetes lectures Exam Questions
With Correct Answers
What organ does hormonal control of blood glucose reside with largely? - answer✔the
endocrine pancreas
What part of the pancreas secretes digestive juices into the duodenum? - answer✔the exocrine
part which is composed of the acini
What do the islets of Langerhans of the endocrine pancreas secrete? - answer✔secretes insulin,
glucagon and other hormones directly to the blood.
What hormone do Beta cells of the islets of Langerhans produce? What is this hormone and
how is it stored? - answer✔proinsulin - it is a pro-hormone which means it is not in its active
form and needs to undergo a modification in order to become activated. It is stored in granules,
where it is cleaved into insulin and C-peptide that are secreted together (which is the
modification that is needed for it to be activated)
What hormone do Alpha cells of the islets of Langerhans secrete? - answer✔glucagon into the
blood
What hormone does Delta cells of the islets of Langerhans produce? And what does this
hormone do? - answer✔somatostatin - it inhibits insulin and glucagon
What do F cells of the islets of Langerhans produce? - answer✔pancreatic peptide (PP)
Rank the following islets of Langerhans in order from most prevalent in the pancreas to least
prevalent:
- Delta cells
- Beta cells
- Alpha cells
1|Page
, ©BRIGHTSTARS EXAM SOLUTIONS
11/16/2024 10:16 AM
- F cells - answer✔1. Beta (60%)
2. Alpha (25%)
3. Delta (10%)
4. F (5%)
What 2 hormones are the most important in regulating fuel metabolism? - answer✔insulin and
glucagon
What is the structure of insulin? - answer✔it is a polypeptide which is produced and stored in
the body as an inactive hexamer
Describe the 5 step process of glucose-stimulated exocytosis of insulin from beta cells of the
pancreas - answer✔1. glucose binds to the glucose transporter 1 on the PM of the beta and
glucose enters the beta cell
2. the glucose molecule undergoes glucokinase and turns into glucose-6-phosphate
3. glucose-6-phosphate undergoes oxidation and turns into ATP
4. This ATP molecule closes K+ channels causing depolarization of the beta cell and opens up
Ca+ channels
5. The increased Ca+ levels causes the granule of insulin to be released via exocytosis and
releases insulin, amylin and the C- peptide
What are the 2 roles of amylin when released from the beta cells - answer✔1. inhibits/slows
gastric emptying
2. suppresses glucagon release
Define hyperglycemia - answer✔too much glucose in the blood
Define hypoglycemia - answer✔too little glucose in the blood
Compare the absorptive state and post-absorptive state of metabolism - answer✔absorptive:
- anabolic process
- building things up and putting energy sources into storage
- synthesis and storage of major molecules like proteins, carbs and fats
2|Page
11/16/2024 10:16 AM
PHS3300 - diabetes lectures Exam Questions
With Correct Answers
What organ does hormonal control of blood glucose reside with largely? - answer✔the
endocrine pancreas
What part of the pancreas secretes digestive juices into the duodenum? - answer✔the exocrine
part which is composed of the acini
What do the islets of Langerhans of the endocrine pancreas secrete? - answer✔secretes insulin,
glucagon and other hormones directly to the blood.
What hormone do Beta cells of the islets of Langerhans produce? What is this hormone and
how is it stored? - answer✔proinsulin - it is a pro-hormone which means it is not in its active
form and needs to undergo a modification in order to become activated. It is stored in granules,
where it is cleaved into insulin and C-peptide that are secreted together (which is the
modification that is needed for it to be activated)
What hormone do Alpha cells of the islets of Langerhans secrete? - answer✔glucagon into the
blood
What hormone does Delta cells of the islets of Langerhans produce? And what does this
hormone do? - answer✔somatostatin - it inhibits insulin and glucagon
What do F cells of the islets of Langerhans produce? - answer✔pancreatic peptide (PP)
Rank the following islets of Langerhans in order from most prevalent in the pancreas to least
prevalent:
- Delta cells
- Beta cells
- Alpha cells
1|Page
, ©BRIGHTSTARS EXAM SOLUTIONS
11/16/2024 10:16 AM
- F cells - answer✔1. Beta (60%)
2. Alpha (25%)
3. Delta (10%)
4. F (5%)
What 2 hormones are the most important in regulating fuel metabolism? - answer✔insulin and
glucagon
What is the structure of insulin? - answer✔it is a polypeptide which is produced and stored in
the body as an inactive hexamer
Describe the 5 step process of glucose-stimulated exocytosis of insulin from beta cells of the
pancreas - answer✔1. glucose binds to the glucose transporter 1 on the PM of the beta and
glucose enters the beta cell
2. the glucose molecule undergoes glucokinase and turns into glucose-6-phosphate
3. glucose-6-phosphate undergoes oxidation and turns into ATP
4. This ATP molecule closes K+ channels causing depolarization of the beta cell and opens up
Ca+ channels
5. The increased Ca+ levels causes the granule of insulin to be released via exocytosis and
releases insulin, amylin and the C- peptide
What are the 2 roles of amylin when released from the beta cells - answer✔1. inhibits/slows
gastric emptying
2. suppresses glucagon release
Define hyperglycemia - answer✔too much glucose in the blood
Define hypoglycemia - answer✔too little glucose in the blood
Compare the absorptive state and post-absorptive state of metabolism - answer✔absorptive:
- anabolic process
- building things up and putting energy sources into storage
- synthesis and storage of major molecules like proteins, carbs and fats
2|Page
