Foundations in Microbiology Chapter 7 Exam Questions and Correct Answers Latest Update 2024
(Already Passed)
Nutrition - Answers -process by which chemical substances (nutrients) are acquired from the
enviroment and used in cellular activities.
Essential Nutrients: Two categories - Answers -Macronutrients
-Micronutrients
Macronutrients - Answers -required in large quantities; play principle roles in cell structure and
metabolism (proteins and carbohydrates).
Micronutrients/ trace elemnents - Answers required in small amuonts; involed in enzyme function and
maintenance of protein structure (Manganese, zinc, nickel).
Organic nutrients - Answers -contain Carbon and hydrogen atoms and are usually the products of living
things (Methane (CH4), Carbohydrates, lipids and proteins).
Inorganic Nutients - Answers -atom or molecule that contains a combination of atoms other than carbon
and hydrogen (Metals and their salts).
Carbon sources - Answers -Heterotroph
-Autotroph
Heterotroph - Answers -must obtain carbon in an organic form made by other living organisms such as
proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids
Autotrophs - Answers -an organism that uses CO2, an inorganic gas as its carbon source
Growth Factors - Answers -must be provided as a nutrient
-Essential amino acids vitamins
The main determinants of nutritional type are: - Answers -Carbon source
-Energy source
Carbon Source - Answers - Heterotroph
-Autotroph
Energy source - Answers -Chemotroph
-Phototrophs
Chemotroph - Answers -gain energy from chemical compounds
, Phototroph - Answers -gain energy from photosynthesis
Photoautotrophs - Answers -oxygenic photosynthesis
-Anoxygenic photosynthesis
Chemoautotrophs/ Lithoautotrophs - Answers -survive totally on inorganic substances
Methanogens (chemoautotroph) - Answers -a chemoautotroph produced under anaerobic conditions
Heterotrophs and their energy sources - Answers -most are chemoheterotrophs
-- Aerobic respiration
Two catergories of energy soureces for heterotrophs - Answers -Saprobes
-Parasites
Saprobes - Answers -free-living microorganism that feed on organic detritus from dead organisms
Parasites - Answers -derive nutrients from host
-i.e. Pathogens and obligate parasites
Passive transport - Answers -does NOT require energy
-Move from high to low concentration
-i.e. Diffusion, Osmosis, facilitated diffusion
Diffusion - Answers -movement down a concentration gradient
Osmosis - Answers -diffusion of water
Facilitated diffusion - Answers -requires a carrier
Active transport - Answers -requires energy and carrier proteins; gradient independant
-endocytosis
-exocytosis
-pinocytosis
Isotonic solution - Answers -water concentration is equal inside and outside cell membrane
Hypotonic solution - Answers -net diffusion of water inside of cell
-protoblast prevents bursting
(Already Passed)
Nutrition - Answers -process by which chemical substances (nutrients) are acquired from the
enviroment and used in cellular activities.
Essential Nutrients: Two categories - Answers -Macronutrients
-Micronutrients
Macronutrients - Answers -required in large quantities; play principle roles in cell structure and
metabolism (proteins and carbohydrates).
Micronutrients/ trace elemnents - Answers required in small amuonts; involed in enzyme function and
maintenance of protein structure (Manganese, zinc, nickel).
Organic nutrients - Answers -contain Carbon and hydrogen atoms and are usually the products of living
things (Methane (CH4), Carbohydrates, lipids and proteins).
Inorganic Nutients - Answers -atom or molecule that contains a combination of atoms other than carbon
and hydrogen (Metals and their salts).
Carbon sources - Answers -Heterotroph
-Autotroph
Heterotroph - Answers -must obtain carbon in an organic form made by other living organisms such as
proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids
Autotrophs - Answers -an organism that uses CO2, an inorganic gas as its carbon source
Growth Factors - Answers -must be provided as a nutrient
-Essential amino acids vitamins
The main determinants of nutritional type are: - Answers -Carbon source
-Energy source
Carbon Source - Answers - Heterotroph
-Autotroph
Energy source - Answers -Chemotroph
-Phototrophs
Chemotroph - Answers -gain energy from chemical compounds
, Phototroph - Answers -gain energy from photosynthesis
Photoautotrophs - Answers -oxygenic photosynthesis
-Anoxygenic photosynthesis
Chemoautotrophs/ Lithoautotrophs - Answers -survive totally on inorganic substances
Methanogens (chemoautotroph) - Answers -a chemoautotroph produced under anaerobic conditions
Heterotrophs and their energy sources - Answers -most are chemoheterotrophs
-- Aerobic respiration
Two catergories of energy soureces for heterotrophs - Answers -Saprobes
-Parasites
Saprobes - Answers -free-living microorganism that feed on organic detritus from dead organisms
Parasites - Answers -derive nutrients from host
-i.e. Pathogens and obligate parasites
Passive transport - Answers -does NOT require energy
-Move from high to low concentration
-i.e. Diffusion, Osmosis, facilitated diffusion
Diffusion - Answers -movement down a concentration gradient
Osmosis - Answers -diffusion of water
Facilitated diffusion - Answers -requires a carrier
Active transport - Answers -requires energy and carrier proteins; gradient independant
-endocytosis
-exocytosis
-pinocytosis
Isotonic solution - Answers -water concentration is equal inside and outside cell membrane
Hypotonic solution - Answers -net diffusion of water inside of cell
-protoblast prevents bursting
