Foundations in Microbiology Chapter 13 Exam Questions and Correct Answers Latest Update 2024 (Already Passed)

Foundations in Microbiology Chapter 13 Exam Questions and Correct Answers Latest Update 2024 (Already Passed) Pathology - Answers The study of Disease Etiology - Answers The study of the cause of a disease Pathogenesis - Answers The development of disease Infection - Answers Colonization of the body by pathogen Disease - Answers An abnormal state in which the body is not functioning normally Normal (resident) flora and host - Answers Transient microbiota Normal microbiota Symbiosis Transient - Answers may be present for days, weeks or months Normal microbiota - Answers premanently colonize the host Symbiosis - Answers is the relationship between normal microbiota and the host --> Commensalism --> Mutualism --> Parasitism True Pathogens - Answers Capable of causing disease in healthy persons with normal immune defenses --influenza virus, Plague baccillus, malarial protozoan Oppurtunistic pathogens - Answers Cause disease when the host's defenses are compromised or when they grow in part of the body that is not natural to them i.e.-Pseudomonas sp i.e.-Candida albicans Virulence - Answers Severity of the disease depends on the ____ of the pathogen Virulence factor - Answers Characteristic or structure that contributes to the ability of a microbe to cause disease is a _____ _____. Microbial antagonism - Answers is a competition between microbes Normal microbiota - Answers protect the host by-- occupying niches that pathogens might occupy. --producing acids and bacteriocins Two Normal microbiota of the Human skin - Answers Transients Residents Transients - Answers influenced by hygiene Residents - Answers introducing known microbes back into the body Koch's Postulates - Answers Determining the causative agent of a disease Koch's Postulates order - Answers 1. The same pathogen must be present in every case of the disease. 2. The pathogen must be isolated from the disease host and grown in pure culture. 3. The pathogen from the pure culture must cause the disease when it is inculated into a healthy, susceptible lab animal. 4. The pathogen must be isolated from the inculated animal and must be shown to be the original animal. Koch's - Answers ___ postulates are used to prove the cause of an infectious disease. -Some pathogens can cause several disease conditions -Some pathogens cause disease only in humans Classifying infectious diseases - Answers -sign -symptoms -syndrome -communicable- contagious -noncommunicable Sign - Answers A change in the body that can measured or observed as a result of disease -Fever; Leukocytosis Symptoms - Answers A change in body function that is felt by a patient as a result of disease. -Chills; pain; Nausea Syndrome - Answers A specific group of signs and symptoms that accompany a disease. Communicable disease - Answers When an infected host can transmit the infectious agent to another host and establish infection in that host. Contagious - Answers Highly communicable disease is ______. Non-communicable - Answers ________ infectious disease does not arise through transmission from host to host. -can occur when a compromised person is invaded by his own normal microflora Prevalence - Answers total number of existing cases with respect to the entire population usually represented by a percentage of the population. Incidence - Answers measures the number of new cases over a certain time period as compared with the general healthy population. -Endemic -Sporadic -Epidemic -Pandemic Endemic - Answers a disease that exhibits a relatively steady frequency over a long period of time in a particular geographic locale Sporadic - Answers when occasional cases are reported at irregular intervals Epidemic - Answers when prevalence of a disease is increasing beyond what is expected Pandemic - Answers epidemic across continents