Bio 150 - Exam 1 Study Guide - Exam 1
Question and answers rated A+ (19 pgs)
4 levels of protein structure - correct answer ✔1) primary structure - specific
amino acid sequence
2) secondary structure - folding begins due to H+ bonds forming between
amino acids
3) tertiary structure - interactions between R-groups of different amino acids
creates the overall 3-D shape (ionic bonds, H+ bonds, hydrophobic
interactions, disulfate bonds)
4) quaternary structure - the arrangement of multiple polypeptide chains
Adhesion vs. Cohesion - correct answer ✔ADD-hesion: water molecules are
attracted to other polar molecules
CO-hesion: water molecules are attracted to other water molecules
All living organisms share a collection of characteristics: what are these
characteristics and what do they mean? - correct answer ✔Exhibit organized
complexity (atoms are organized in complex ways), composed of cells,
respond to their environment, use energy (metabolism), can reproduce, can
evolve(change for better survival), and are subject to the laws of chemistry
and physics (no phenomena).
allosteric regulation - correct answer ✔the function of an enzymes active site
is affected by the binding of a molecule at a non-active site. These are called
allosteric sites there can be activators (which helps the substrate bind better)
or inhibitors (which change the shape of the active site to prohibit binding).
amino - correct answer ✔/H
N
,\H
Basic structure of a fatty acid - correct answer ✔a long chain of carbons
linked together (bonded with at least two hydrogens) attached to a carboxyl
group at one end.
Basic structure of an amino acid - correct answer ✔Carboxyl group, amino
group, hydrogen atom bonded to a central carbon, and an r group.
The differ in their side chains (r-group), they are chemically diverse and
grouped according to their properties (hydrophilic, hydrophobic, and special)
Basic structure of nucleotides. - correct answer ✔Contains a 5-carbon sugar,
phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.
carbonyl - correct answer ✔C=O
carboxyl - correct answer ✔= O
C
\ OH
catabolic v anabolic pathways - correct answer ✔Catabolic pathways
breakdown complex molecules into simpler ones, they RELEASE energy.
(cellular respiration)
Anabolic pathways build complicated molecules from smaller ones and
require an INPUT of energy. (amino acids to proteins)
catalyst - correct answer ✔substance that speeds up a reaction without
being consumed
, Cation v anion - correct answer ✔a cation is a positively charged ion (loses
an electron) an anion is a negatively charged ion (gains an electron).
Cellular functions of carbohydrates - correct answer ✔good source of energy
(ATP and glucose)
Storage (glycogen in animals, starches in plants)
structure (cellulose in plants, chitin in fungi/invertebrae)
Chemical property shared by all lipids? - correct answer ✔all lipids are
HYDROPHOBIC (they are water hating and will orient themselves away from
water)
Competitive v noncompetitive inhibitors - correct answer ✔competitive
inhibitors compete with the enzymes to bind to active sites and inhibit the
reaction.
noncompetitive inhibitors bind to a different part of the enzyme and alter the
active site (change it's shape)
Covalent bond formation - correct answer ✔A chemical bond formed by a
shared pair of electrons holding two different atoms together. They can be
polar (charged with slight charges on either end) or nonpolar (the almost
equal sharing of electrons). This all depends on the electronegativity of each
atom.
cytoskeleton and its general purpose - correct answer ✔a network of
proteins fibers found in eukaryotic cells that supports the cell shape and
anchors organelles and produce movements.
Define biology - correct answer ✔The study of life/how life works
Question and answers rated A+ (19 pgs)
4 levels of protein structure - correct answer ✔1) primary structure - specific
amino acid sequence
2) secondary structure - folding begins due to H+ bonds forming between
amino acids
3) tertiary structure - interactions between R-groups of different amino acids
creates the overall 3-D shape (ionic bonds, H+ bonds, hydrophobic
interactions, disulfate bonds)
4) quaternary structure - the arrangement of multiple polypeptide chains
Adhesion vs. Cohesion - correct answer ✔ADD-hesion: water molecules are
attracted to other polar molecules
CO-hesion: water molecules are attracted to other water molecules
All living organisms share a collection of characteristics: what are these
characteristics and what do they mean? - correct answer ✔Exhibit organized
complexity (atoms are organized in complex ways), composed of cells,
respond to their environment, use energy (metabolism), can reproduce, can
evolve(change for better survival), and are subject to the laws of chemistry
and physics (no phenomena).
allosteric regulation - correct answer ✔the function of an enzymes active site
is affected by the binding of a molecule at a non-active site. These are called
allosteric sites there can be activators (which helps the substrate bind better)
or inhibitors (which change the shape of the active site to prohibit binding).
amino - correct answer ✔/H
N
,\H
Basic structure of a fatty acid - correct answer ✔a long chain of carbons
linked together (bonded with at least two hydrogens) attached to a carboxyl
group at one end.
Basic structure of an amino acid - correct answer ✔Carboxyl group, amino
group, hydrogen atom bonded to a central carbon, and an r group.
The differ in their side chains (r-group), they are chemically diverse and
grouped according to their properties (hydrophilic, hydrophobic, and special)
Basic structure of nucleotides. - correct answer ✔Contains a 5-carbon sugar,
phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.
carbonyl - correct answer ✔C=O
carboxyl - correct answer ✔= O
C
\ OH
catabolic v anabolic pathways - correct answer ✔Catabolic pathways
breakdown complex molecules into simpler ones, they RELEASE energy.
(cellular respiration)
Anabolic pathways build complicated molecules from smaller ones and
require an INPUT of energy. (amino acids to proteins)
catalyst - correct answer ✔substance that speeds up a reaction without
being consumed
, Cation v anion - correct answer ✔a cation is a positively charged ion (loses
an electron) an anion is a negatively charged ion (gains an electron).
Cellular functions of carbohydrates - correct answer ✔good source of energy
(ATP and glucose)
Storage (glycogen in animals, starches in plants)
structure (cellulose in plants, chitin in fungi/invertebrae)
Chemical property shared by all lipids? - correct answer ✔all lipids are
HYDROPHOBIC (they are water hating and will orient themselves away from
water)
Competitive v noncompetitive inhibitors - correct answer ✔competitive
inhibitors compete with the enzymes to bind to active sites and inhibit the
reaction.
noncompetitive inhibitors bind to a different part of the enzyme and alter the
active site (change it's shape)
Covalent bond formation - correct answer ✔A chemical bond formed by a
shared pair of electrons holding two different atoms together. They can be
polar (charged with slight charges on either end) or nonpolar (the almost
equal sharing of electrons). This all depends on the electronegativity of each
atom.
cytoskeleton and its general purpose - correct answer ✔a network of
proteins fibers found in eukaryotic cells that supports the cell shape and
anchors organelles and produce movements.
Define biology - correct answer ✔The study of life/how life works
