MGY377 Full exam UPDATED ACTUAL
Questions and CORRECT Answers
What is the importance of the Siege of Caffa? - - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Italy vs.
Mongols
> Tartars (Mongols) lobbed corpses into the city spreading an infectious disease that Italy
could not cure
What is the main pandemic that occurred during the mid-fourteenth century? - - CORRECT
ANSWER✔✔- The Black Death (bubonic plague)
What bacteria caused bubonic plague? - - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Yersinia pestis
What are some symptoms of bubonic plague? - - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- After
incubation for 2-6 days, severe malaise, headache, shaking/chills, fever, pain/swelling,
adenopathy in regional lymph nodes - buboes
> extremities have gangrene
Where is bubonic plague found? - - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Black-tailed prairie dogs in
North American plains
What are basic classes of bacterial transmission? - - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- >
Food/water-borne
> Vector-borne
> Airborne/lung-airway
> Contact
> Sexual
What was the "Golden Age of Medicine"? - - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- After germ-theory
+ green revolution
> development of vaccines
> antibiotics
> ~ 1950s
,What age does the increased survival rate of humans drop off? - - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-
60 years old
What were the leading causes of death in the 1900s? - - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-
Infectious disease
What were the leading causes of death in the 2000s? - - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Non-
infectious disease (i.e. heart disease, cancer)
What are the leading causes of death in low-income countries in the 2000s? - - CORRECT
ANSWER✔✔- Infectious disease
What are non-sterile locations on your body? - - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- > Mouth
> Stomach (almost sterile)
> Small intestine
> Large intestine
> Skin
What part of your body has the most bacteria? - - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Large intestine
What is the most microbially dense area on Earth? - - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Human
colon
How did the Human Microbiome Project determine it's sequencing? - - CORRECT
ANSWER✔✔- via PCR from thousands of healthy samples
How many different species of bacteria, archaea, and fungi exist in the healthy intestinal
microbiota? - - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- > 500
Order the most dominant species populations - Humans, Insects, Trees, Bacteria: - -
CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Bacteria > Insects > Trees > Humans
,What accounts for most of Earth's biomass? - - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Terrestrial plants
What is microbial ecology? - - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- The cycling of most elements on
Earth via microbial metabolism
What are the main cycles in microbial ecology? - - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- > N cycle
> C(O2) cycle
> S cycle
> P cycle
What caused the early atmosphere to be full of O2? - - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Bacterial
photosynthesis
What is the great oxygenation event? - - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- After most elements
absorbed O2, there was no where left to go meaning that it went into the atmosphere killing
off tons of anaerobes
What accounts for the massive amount of minerals that we have on earth? - - CORRECT
ANSWER✔✔- Oxidation via microbes (O2 release)
What did Ernst Haekel do? - - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Tree of life with Moneres (small
section for bacteria)
> old trees of life were mainly visible life
What did Hug and Banfield do? - - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Created a new tree of life
based on genomic definitions
> Dominated by bacteria/microbes
What are viruses? - - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Microscopic, non-cellular, non-living
> nucleic acid wrapped in protein/lipid coat with no "metabolism"
> require host cell machinery to replicate genomes and make progeny
, What are features of bacteria? - - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- > Metabolism
> Autonomous reproduction
> Differentiation
> Communication
> Autonomous motility
> Environmental sensing
> Evolution (viruses too)
What is classification? - - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Arrangement of organisms into groups
(taxa)
What is nomenclature? - - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Assignment of names
What is identification? - - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Determining what taxon a given
bacterial isolate belongs too
What is phylogeny analysis? - - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Classification based on
evolutionary relationships (w/i prokaryotes, between pro/eukaryotes)
What are the taxonomic ranks? - - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Domain, Kingdom, Phylum,
Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
What is a genus? - - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- A collection of species
What is a species? - - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- A collection of strains that share stable
properties and differ significantly from other groups of strains
What is a "bacterial" strain? - - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Population of organisms derived
from a single organism or pure culture that differs from other species members
Questions and CORRECT Answers
What is the importance of the Siege of Caffa? - - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Italy vs.
Mongols
> Tartars (Mongols) lobbed corpses into the city spreading an infectious disease that Italy
could not cure
What is the main pandemic that occurred during the mid-fourteenth century? - - CORRECT
ANSWER✔✔- The Black Death (bubonic plague)
What bacteria caused bubonic plague? - - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Yersinia pestis
What are some symptoms of bubonic plague? - - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- After
incubation for 2-6 days, severe malaise, headache, shaking/chills, fever, pain/swelling,
adenopathy in regional lymph nodes - buboes
> extremities have gangrene
Where is bubonic plague found? - - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Black-tailed prairie dogs in
North American plains
What are basic classes of bacterial transmission? - - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- >
Food/water-borne
> Vector-borne
> Airborne/lung-airway
> Contact
> Sexual
What was the "Golden Age of Medicine"? - - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- After germ-theory
+ green revolution
> development of vaccines
> antibiotics
> ~ 1950s
,What age does the increased survival rate of humans drop off? - - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-
60 years old
What were the leading causes of death in the 1900s? - - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-
Infectious disease
What were the leading causes of death in the 2000s? - - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Non-
infectious disease (i.e. heart disease, cancer)
What are the leading causes of death in low-income countries in the 2000s? - - CORRECT
ANSWER✔✔- Infectious disease
What are non-sterile locations on your body? - - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- > Mouth
> Stomach (almost sterile)
> Small intestine
> Large intestine
> Skin
What part of your body has the most bacteria? - - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Large intestine
What is the most microbially dense area on Earth? - - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Human
colon
How did the Human Microbiome Project determine it's sequencing? - - CORRECT
ANSWER✔✔- via PCR from thousands of healthy samples
How many different species of bacteria, archaea, and fungi exist in the healthy intestinal
microbiota? - - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- > 500
Order the most dominant species populations - Humans, Insects, Trees, Bacteria: - -
CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Bacteria > Insects > Trees > Humans
,What accounts for most of Earth's biomass? - - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Terrestrial plants
What is microbial ecology? - - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- The cycling of most elements on
Earth via microbial metabolism
What are the main cycles in microbial ecology? - - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- > N cycle
> C(O2) cycle
> S cycle
> P cycle
What caused the early atmosphere to be full of O2? - - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Bacterial
photosynthesis
What is the great oxygenation event? - - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- After most elements
absorbed O2, there was no where left to go meaning that it went into the atmosphere killing
off tons of anaerobes
What accounts for the massive amount of minerals that we have on earth? - - CORRECT
ANSWER✔✔- Oxidation via microbes (O2 release)
What did Ernst Haekel do? - - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Tree of life with Moneres (small
section for bacteria)
> old trees of life were mainly visible life
What did Hug and Banfield do? - - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Created a new tree of life
based on genomic definitions
> Dominated by bacteria/microbes
What are viruses? - - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Microscopic, non-cellular, non-living
> nucleic acid wrapped in protein/lipid coat with no "metabolism"
> require host cell machinery to replicate genomes and make progeny
, What are features of bacteria? - - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- > Metabolism
> Autonomous reproduction
> Differentiation
> Communication
> Autonomous motility
> Environmental sensing
> Evolution (viruses too)
What is classification? - - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Arrangement of organisms into groups
(taxa)
What is nomenclature? - - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Assignment of names
What is identification? - - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Determining what taxon a given
bacterial isolate belongs too
What is phylogeny analysis? - - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Classification based on
evolutionary relationships (w/i prokaryotes, between pro/eukaryotes)
What are the taxonomic ranks? - - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Domain, Kingdom, Phylum,
Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
What is a genus? - - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- A collection of species
What is a species? - - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- A collection of strains that share stable
properties and differ significantly from other groups of strains
What is a "bacterial" strain? - - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Population of organisms derived
from a single organism or pure culture that differs from other species members
