PSB 3002 Exam 1 Questions & Answers
2024/2025
layers of the meninges - ANSWERSdurma mater, arachnoid membrane, and pia mater
cerebrospinal fluid - ANSWERSclear fluid that fills the ventricular system of the brain and the
subarachnoid space surrounding the brain and spinal cord
neuroaxis - ANSWERSimaginary line drawn through the length of the central nervous system
anterior - ANSWERSnear or toward head
posterior - ANSWERSnear or toward tail
rostral - ANSWERStoward nose and mouth
dorsal - ANSWERStoward back
ventral - ANSWERStoward belly
lateral - ANSWERStoward side
medial - ANSWERStoward middle
ipsilateral - ANSWERSstructures on same side of body
contralateral - ANSWERSstructures on opposite side of body
,cross section - ANSWERSslice taken at right angles to neuraxis (frontal sections when discussing brain)
horizontal section - ANSWERSparallel to the ground
sagittal section - ANSWERSslice parallel to neuraxis and perpendicular to ground
midsagittal plane - ANSWERScuts brain into two symmetrical halves
meninges - ANSWERSthree layers of tissue that encase the CNS
protective sheaths
dura mater - ANSWERSouter layer of meninges
durable, thick, tough and flexible but unstretchable
arachnoid membrane - ANSWERSmiddle layer of meninges
soft and spongy
pia mater - ANSWERSclosely attached to brain and spinal cord
smaller blood vessels contained within it
subarachnoid space - ANSWERSgap between pia mater and subarachnoid membrane
filled with cerebrospinal fluid
ventricle - ANSWERSone of the hollow spaces within the brain, filled with cerebrospinal fluid
lateral ventricles - ANSWERSlargest
located in the center of the telencephalon
third ventricle - ANSWERSlocated in center of diencephalon
, walls divide brain in half
cerebral aqueduct - ANSWERSa long tube connecting third and fourth ventricles together
located in center of mesencephalon
fourth ventricle - ANSWERSlocated between cerebellum and the dorsal pons in the center of
mesencephalon
choroid plexus - ANSWERSmanufactures cerebrospinal fluid
arachnoid granulation - ANSWERSsmall projections of the arachnoid membrane through dura mater into
superior sagittal sinus
CSF flows through them to be reabsorbed into the blood supply
superior sagittal sinus - ANSWERSa blood vessel that drains into the veins serving the brain
obstructive hydrocephalus - ANSWERScondition in which all or some of the brain's ventricles are
enlarged
caused by an obstruction that impedes normal flow of CSF
process of brain development - ANSWERSectoderm thickens and curls forming a plate. continues to curl
and forms ridges that connect into neural tube. by end, tube is closed and has three chambers inside.
three chambers become ventricles
neural tube - ANSWERShollow tube, closed at the rostral end, that forms from ectodermal tissue early in
embryonic development
origin of CNS
cerebral cortex - ANSWERSoutermost layer of gray matter of cerebral hemisphere
larger in humans than in any other species
2024/2025
layers of the meninges - ANSWERSdurma mater, arachnoid membrane, and pia mater
cerebrospinal fluid - ANSWERSclear fluid that fills the ventricular system of the brain and the
subarachnoid space surrounding the brain and spinal cord
neuroaxis - ANSWERSimaginary line drawn through the length of the central nervous system
anterior - ANSWERSnear or toward head
posterior - ANSWERSnear or toward tail
rostral - ANSWERStoward nose and mouth
dorsal - ANSWERStoward back
ventral - ANSWERStoward belly
lateral - ANSWERStoward side
medial - ANSWERStoward middle
ipsilateral - ANSWERSstructures on same side of body
contralateral - ANSWERSstructures on opposite side of body
,cross section - ANSWERSslice taken at right angles to neuraxis (frontal sections when discussing brain)
horizontal section - ANSWERSparallel to the ground
sagittal section - ANSWERSslice parallel to neuraxis and perpendicular to ground
midsagittal plane - ANSWERScuts brain into two symmetrical halves
meninges - ANSWERSthree layers of tissue that encase the CNS
protective sheaths
dura mater - ANSWERSouter layer of meninges
durable, thick, tough and flexible but unstretchable
arachnoid membrane - ANSWERSmiddle layer of meninges
soft and spongy
pia mater - ANSWERSclosely attached to brain and spinal cord
smaller blood vessels contained within it
subarachnoid space - ANSWERSgap between pia mater and subarachnoid membrane
filled with cerebrospinal fluid
ventricle - ANSWERSone of the hollow spaces within the brain, filled with cerebrospinal fluid
lateral ventricles - ANSWERSlargest
located in the center of the telencephalon
third ventricle - ANSWERSlocated in center of diencephalon
, walls divide brain in half
cerebral aqueduct - ANSWERSa long tube connecting third and fourth ventricles together
located in center of mesencephalon
fourth ventricle - ANSWERSlocated between cerebellum and the dorsal pons in the center of
mesencephalon
choroid plexus - ANSWERSmanufactures cerebrospinal fluid
arachnoid granulation - ANSWERSsmall projections of the arachnoid membrane through dura mater into
superior sagittal sinus
CSF flows through them to be reabsorbed into the blood supply
superior sagittal sinus - ANSWERSa blood vessel that drains into the veins serving the brain
obstructive hydrocephalus - ANSWERScondition in which all or some of the brain's ventricles are
enlarged
caused by an obstruction that impedes normal flow of CSF
process of brain development - ANSWERSectoderm thickens and curls forming a plate. continues to curl
and forms ridges that connect into neural tube. by end, tube is closed and has three chambers inside.
three chambers become ventricles
neural tube - ANSWERShollow tube, closed at the rostral end, that forms from ectodermal tissue early in
embryonic development
origin of CNS
cerebral cortex - ANSWERSoutermost layer of gray matter of cerebral hemisphere
larger in humans than in any other species
