NURS 272 TEST 3 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
ELABORATIONS BASED ON FINAL EXAM!!
HIV overview
answers: from chimps, retrovirus: enzyme to reverse transcriptase to insert RNA in
cell's DNA, attacks t-cells and uses them to make copies of itself
CD4 receptor, CXCR4/CCRS receptor = lock, HIV has protein Gp120 = key, fuse
into t helper cells, HIV capsid w/ enzyme and RNA released, reverse transcriptase
= viral RNA - single strand DNA - double DNA
answers: = error = resistant to meds and hard to make vaccine, integrase:
integrated viral DNA = latent infection or viral mRNA - ribosomes = viral
polyprotein = forming new immature HIV + protease = bud off = full HIV
HIV Risk Factors (4 H's)
Unprotected/high risk intercourse: receiving anal sex
Gender: females
Existing STIs: herpes
IV drug abusers: exchange and share needles
answers: Blood product recipients prior to 1985: didn't test for HIV
Infants born to infected mothers: c section is less, medications
Breastfeeding infants of infected mothers
Uncircumcised men?
Race/high risk populations: black
HIV takes time to affect immune system, on average without treatment can take 10
years to show symptoms
answers: flu-like symptoms: fever and chills
, HIV Diagnostics
Positive enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA): testing for antibodies, take
3 months to form, could be positive later
Western blot: separate and identify specific proteins from virus which is more
sensitive then ELISA
answers: OTC home kits: saliva, antibodies, takes even longer, delayed positives
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR): looking at genetic material of virus, test blood
samples of donated blood and healthcare workers who had a needle stick/patient
and retest after a couple of weeks
AIDS: immune system is destroyed to the point where the patient is going to be
more susceptible to opportunistic infections/neoplasms
answers: chronic, life threatening disease caused by HIV, deficit of immune
system, see in all body systems
Stages:
If you have HIV does not mean you have AIDS, must have HIV to have AIDS
answers: 1: CD4 count >500, no clinical evidence but no AIDS defining condition
2: CD4 count 200-499, no clinical evidence but no AIDS defining condition
3: CD4 count <200, documentation of AIDS defining condition
unknown: no CD4 count and no info on AIDS defining conditions
AIDS defining conditions
answers: wasting syndrome, HIV related encephalopathy, dementia: confused,
cytomegalovirus retinitis w/ loss of vision, pneumocystis pneumonia, cervical
cancers and other neoplasms
Kaposi's Sarcoma
ELABORATIONS BASED ON FINAL EXAM!!
HIV overview
answers: from chimps, retrovirus: enzyme to reverse transcriptase to insert RNA in
cell's DNA, attacks t-cells and uses them to make copies of itself
CD4 receptor, CXCR4/CCRS receptor = lock, HIV has protein Gp120 = key, fuse
into t helper cells, HIV capsid w/ enzyme and RNA released, reverse transcriptase
= viral RNA - single strand DNA - double DNA
answers: = error = resistant to meds and hard to make vaccine, integrase:
integrated viral DNA = latent infection or viral mRNA - ribosomes = viral
polyprotein = forming new immature HIV + protease = bud off = full HIV
HIV Risk Factors (4 H's)
Unprotected/high risk intercourse: receiving anal sex
Gender: females
Existing STIs: herpes
IV drug abusers: exchange and share needles
answers: Blood product recipients prior to 1985: didn't test for HIV
Infants born to infected mothers: c section is less, medications
Breastfeeding infants of infected mothers
Uncircumcised men?
Race/high risk populations: black
HIV takes time to affect immune system, on average without treatment can take 10
years to show symptoms
answers: flu-like symptoms: fever and chills
, HIV Diagnostics
Positive enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA): testing for antibodies, take
3 months to form, could be positive later
Western blot: separate and identify specific proteins from virus which is more
sensitive then ELISA
answers: OTC home kits: saliva, antibodies, takes even longer, delayed positives
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR): looking at genetic material of virus, test blood
samples of donated blood and healthcare workers who had a needle stick/patient
and retest after a couple of weeks
AIDS: immune system is destroyed to the point where the patient is going to be
more susceptible to opportunistic infections/neoplasms
answers: chronic, life threatening disease caused by HIV, deficit of immune
system, see in all body systems
Stages:
If you have HIV does not mean you have AIDS, must have HIV to have AIDS
answers: 1: CD4 count >500, no clinical evidence but no AIDS defining condition
2: CD4 count 200-499, no clinical evidence but no AIDS defining condition
3: CD4 count <200, documentation of AIDS defining condition
unknown: no CD4 count and no info on AIDS defining conditions
AIDS defining conditions
answers: wasting syndrome, HIV related encephalopathy, dementia: confused,
cytomegalovirus retinitis w/ loss of vision, pneumocystis pneumonia, cervical
cancers and other neoplasms
Kaposi's Sarcoma
