ENRM DRUG TARGET EXAM
STUDY SET
DRUGS - Answer •A substance recognized by an official pharmacopoeia or formulary.
•A substance intended for use in the diagnosis, cure, mitigation, treatment, or
prevention of disease.
•A substance (other than food) intended to affect the structure or any function of the
body.
-FDA
ENZYMES - Answer •a substance produced by a living organism which acts as a catalyst
to bring about a specific biochemical reaction.
NUCLEIC ACIDS - Answer •a complex organic substance present in living cells,
especially DNA or RNA, whose molecules consist of many nucleotides linked in a long
chain.
RECEPTORS - Answer •a region of tissue, or a molecule in a cell membrane, which
responds specifically to a particular neurotransmitter, hormone, antigen, or other
substance.
ANTIGEN - Answer •a toxin or other foreign substance which induces an immune
response in the body, especially the production of antibodies.
ANTIBODIES - Answer a blood protein produced in response to and counteracting a
specific antigen
•by producing biochemical/ physical
•changes in the target tissues
•of the host
•of the organisms which invade the host. - Answer What drugs produce their therapeutic
effects?
•macromolecules - Answer Drug targets are large molecules
binding sites - Answer Drugs interact with their targets by binding to ?
hydrophobic pockets - Answer •Binding sites are typically ___________ pockets on the
surface of macromolecules
intermolecular bonds - Answer •Binding interactions typically involve ______________
, •binding groups - Answer Functional groups on the drug are involved in binding
interactions and are called
binding regions - Answer Specific regions within the binding site that are involved in
binding interactions are called
Induced Fit - Answer •Binding interactions usually result in an __________ where the
binding site changes shape to accommodate the drug
•
•The __________ may also alter the overall shape of the drug target
•ENZYMES
•NUCLEIC ACIDS
•RECEPTORS
•MISC. DRUG TARGETS - Answer What are the 4 drug targets?
Enzymes as Biological Catalysts - Answer •proteins that increase the rate of reaction by
lowering the energy of activation
•They catalyze nearly all the chemical reactions taking place in the cells of the body.
•Not altered or consumed during reaction.
•Reusable
active site - Answer •area on the enzyme where the substrate or substrates attach to
•Enzymes are usually very large proteins and the ___________ is just a small region of the
enzyme molecule.
• Enzyme molecules contain a special pocket or cleft called
lock-and-key model - Answer - the active site has a rigid shape
- only substrates with the matching shape can fit
- the substrate is a key that fits the lock of the active site
apoenzyme (inactive) - Answer enzyme without its non protein moiety
Holoenzyme - Answer an active enzyme with its non protein component.
cofactor - Answer a non-protein chemical compound that is bound (either tightly or
loosely) to an enzyme and is required for catalysis.
Coenzymes.
STUDY SET
DRUGS - Answer •A substance recognized by an official pharmacopoeia or formulary.
•A substance intended for use in the diagnosis, cure, mitigation, treatment, or
prevention of disease.
•A substance (other than food) intended to affect the structure or any function of the
body.
-FDA
ENZYMES - Answer •a substance produced by a living organism which acts as a catalyst
to bring about a specific biochemical reaction.
NUCLEIC ACIDS - Answer •a complex organic substance present in living cells,
especially DNA or RNA, whose molecules consist of many nucleotides linked in a long
chain.
RECEPTORS - Answer •a region of tissue, or a molecule in a cell membrane, which
responds specifically to a particular neurotransmitter, hormone, antigen, or other
substance.
ANTIGEN - Answer •a toxin or other foreign substance which induces an immune
response in the body, especially the production of antibodies.
ANTIBODIES - Answer a blood protein produced in response to and counteracting a
specific antigen
•by producing biochemical/ physical
•changes in the target tissues
•of the host
•of the organisms which invade the host. - Answer What drugs produce their therapeutic
effects?
•macromolecules - Answer Drug targets are large molecules
binding sites - Answer Drugs interact with their targets by binding to ?
hydrophobic pockets - Answer •Binding sites are typically ___________ pockets on the
surface of macromolecules
intermolecular bonds - Answer •Binding interactions typically involve ______________
, •binding groups - Answer Functional groups on the drug are involved in binding
interactions and are called
binding regions - Answer Specific regions within the binding site that are involved in
binding interactions are called
Induced Fit - Answer •Binding interactions usually result in an __________ where the
binding site changes shape to accommodate the drug
•
•The __________ may also alter the overall shape of the drug target
•ENZYMES
•NUCLEIC ACIDS
•RECEPTORS
•MISC. DRUG TARGETS - Answer What are the 4 drug targets?
Enzymes as Biological Catalysts - Answer •proteins that increase the rate of reaction by
lowering the energy of activation
•They catalyze nearly all the chemical reactions taking place in the cells of the body.
•Not altered or consumed during reaction.
•Reusable
active site - Answer •area on the enzyme where the substrate or substrates attach to
•Enzymes are usually very large proteins and the ___________ is just a small region of the
enzyme molecule.
• Enzyme molecules contain a special pocket or cleft called
lock-and-key model - Answer - the active site has a rigid shape
- only substrates with the matching shape can fit
- the substrate is a key that fits the lock of the active site
apoenzyme (inactive) - Answer enzyme without its non protein moiety
Holoenzyme - Answer an active enzyme with its non protein component.
cofactor - Answer a non-protein chemical compound that is bound (either tightly or
loosely) to an enzyme and is required for catalysis.
Coenzymes.
