BIO 245 KLESATH EXAM 1 WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
GUARANTEED PASS
3 reflex mechanisms that stimulate hormone secretion -
ANSWER ->1.Hormonal Stimulation: stimulus for release of
hormones by the binding of another hormone (eg the TSH from
anterior pituitary binds to thyroid gland to release TH)
2.Humoral Stimulation: release of hormone in response to
change of blood nutrient levels (eg blood glucose levels rise so
insulin is released from pancreas, or fall and glucagon is
released)
3.Neural Stimulation: direct stimulation from nervous system to
endocrine gland (eg epinephrine and norepinephrine by
adrenal medulla during fight or flight)
Hormonal Stimulation - ANSWER ->Stimulus for release of
hormones by the binding of another hormone (eg the TSH from
anterior pituitary binds to thyroid gland to release TH)
,Humoral Stimulation - ANSWER ->release of hormone in
response to change of blood nutrient levels (eg blood glucose
levels rise so insulin is released from pancreas, or fall and
glucagon is released)
Neural Stimulation - ANSWER ->direct stimulation from nervous
system to endocrine gland (eg epinephrine and norepinephrine
by adrenal medulla during fight or flight)
Steroids - ANSWER ->lipid soluble molecules synthesized by
cholesterol
1. Gonads (Estrogen, Progesterone, Testosterone)
2. Adrenal Cortex hormones (Corticosteroids like cortisol,
mineralocorticoids, aldosterone)
Biogenic Amines - ANSWER ->modified amino acids, water
soluble (except thyroid)
1. Catecholamines (epinephrine and norepinephrine)
, 2. Thyroid Hormone → lipid soluble
3. Melatonin
Proteins - ANSWER ->most hormones, small chains of amino
acids, water soluble
1. Small peptides and large polypeptides
2. Glycoproteins
Local Hormones - ANSWER ->DO NOT circulate in blood, so only
affect either same cell that produced them (autocrine) or
neighboring cells (Paracrine)
1. Eicosanoids: synthesized through enzymatic cascade,
Phospholipase A2 removes fatty acid from phospholipid within
the plasma membrane
--> prostaglandins
Prostaglandins - ANSWER ->-Famous eicosanoid
-are diverse group: synthesized by most tissues in the body
GUARANTEED PASS
3 reflex mechanisms that stimulate hormone secretion -
ANSWER ->1.Hormonal Stimulation: stimulus for release of
hormones by the binding of another hormone (eg the TSH from
anterior pituitary binds to thyroid gland to release TH)
2.Humoral Stimulation: release of hormone in response to
change of blood nutrient levels (eg blood glucose levels rise so
insulin is released from pancreas, or fall and glucagon is
released)
3.Neural Stimulation: direct stimulation from nervous system to
endocrine gland (eg epinephrine and norepinephrine by
adrenal medulla during fight or flight)
Hormonal Stimulation - ANSWER ->Stimulus for release of
hormones by the binding of another hormone (eg the TSH from
anterior pituitary binds to thyroid gland to release TH)
,Humoral Stimulation - ANSWER ->release of hormone in
response to change of blood nutrient levels (eg blood glucose
levels rise so insulin is released from pancreas, or fall and
glucagon is released)
Neural Stimulation - ANSWER ->direct stimulation from nervous
system to endocrine gland (eg epinephrine and norepinephrine
by adrenal medulla during fight or flight)
Steroids - ANSWER ->lipid soluble molecules synthesized by
cholesterol
1. Gonads (Estrogen, Progesterone, Testosterone)
2. Adrenal Cortex hormones (Corticosteroids like cortisol,
mineralocorticoids, aldosterone)
Biogenic Amines - ANSWER ->modified amino acids, water
soluble (except thyroid)
1. Catecholamines (epinephrine and norepinephrine)
, 2. Thyroid Hormone → lipid soluble
3. Melatonin
Proteins - ANSWER ->most hormones, small chains of amino
acids, water soluble
1. Small peptides and large polypeptides
2. Glycoproteins
Local Hormones - ANSWER ->DO NOT circulate in blood, so only
affect either same cell that produced them (autocrine) or
neighboring cells (Paracrine)
1. Eicosanoids: synthesized through enzymatic cascade,
Phospholipase A2 removes fatty acid from phospholipid within
the plasma membrane
--> prostaglandins
Prostaglandins - ANSWER ->-Famous eicosanoid
-are diverse group: synthesized by most tissues in the body
