Dental Hygiene National Board Questions And
100% Correct Answers
What is a log dose effect curve? - ANSWER This is when the therapeutic range of a
certain drug is plotted and shows the percent of the maximum response and effective
dose.
What is a therapeutic range of a drug? - ANSWER This is where the dose in increasing
sharply or where the drug is working.
What is maximal response of a drug? - ANSWER Where the curve plateaus on the log
dose effect curve
What is the term for a function of the amount of a drug to produce an effect? - ANSWER
potency
At what do greater potencies of a drug occur? - ANSWER when dose is smaller
What term is used to describe the maximum intensity of effect or response that can be
produced by a drug regardless of dose? - ANSWER efficacy
It increasing the amount of drug given beyond that prescribed will _______________ the
efficacy of a drug or increase the probability of an adverse drug reaction? - ANSWER It
will increase the probability of an adverse drug reaction, not increase the efficacy of a
drug!!
Are efficacy and potency related? - ANSWER No not related
What is the term that is related to duration of effect of a drug? - ANSWER Half-life
,What = ? of the amount of time for a drug to "fall" to half of the original blood level? -
ANSWER Half-life of a drug
What is the term describes time to take by the drug to take affect? - ANSWER onset
What term describes the length of the drug's effect? - ANSWER duration
According to the route of administration, what can be affected? - ANSWER the onset
and duration of a drug
What are some routes of administration? - ANSWER enteral or parenteral
What are some examples of enteral administration? - ANSWER oral, and rectal
What are some examples of parenteral administration? - ANSWER intravascular,
intramuscular, subcutaneous, intradermal, inhalation, and topical
What is the difference of enteral and parenteral administration? -ANSWER enteral
administration is placed directly into the GI tract, while parenteral administration by
passes the GI tract
What route of administration is considered the safest, least expensive, and most
convenient? -ANSWER oral route
Does that mean the less one asks of the patient in terms of drug administration, the
more effective the drug would be? - ANSWER Yes; less means more
What are 3 negative features of oral administration route? - ANSWER 1) due to the large
absorbing area in small intestine it can lead to slower onset of the drug's effect and may
lead to stomach irritation with nausea and vomiting, 2) also the drug blood levels are
, less predictable, 3) and finally drugs obtained from protein sources may be inactivated
by GI acidity or enzymes
What is a drug example that is derived from proteins and are inactivated by GI acidity or
enzymes? ANSWER Insulin
With orally delivered drugs where must the drug pass through first? ANSWER hepatic
portal circulation
What are the terms that describes the first pass of an orally delivered drug? ANSWER
first-pass effect or Phase 1 reactions
What reduces the first pass effect? - ANSWER amount of drug available to produce
systemic effect
True or False, drugs with high-first past effect have a smaller oral to parenteral dose
ratio? - ANSWER False; larger
What is one example of a drug that exhibits a high first-pass effect? - ANSWER morphine
What does it mean if a drug has a high first pass effect? - ANSWER they require a larger
dose
What is another name for P-450 enzymes? - ANSWER mixed function oxidases
What microsomal or cytochrome enzymes of the liver carry out the Phase 1 reaction
aka: first-pass effect? - ANSWER P-450 enzymes of mixed function oxidases
How can the concentration of these P-450 enzymes be affected? - ANSWER they can be
affected by drugs and environmental substances like smoking and alcohol consumption
100% Correct Answers
What is a log dose effect curve? - ANSWER This is when the therapeutic range of a
certain drug is plotted and shows the percent of the maximum response and effective
dose.
What is a therapeutic range of a drug? - ANSWER This is where the dose in increasing
sharply or where the drug is working.
What is maximal response of a drug? - ANSWER Where the curve plateaus on the log
dose effect curve
What is the term for a function of the amount of a drug to produce an effect? - ANSWER
potency
At what do greater potencies of a drug occur? - ANSWER when dose is smaller
What term is used to describe the maximum intensity of effect or response that can be
produced by a drug regardless of dose? - ANSWER efficacy
It increasing the amount of drug given beyond that prescribed will _______________ the
efficacy of a drug or increase the probability of an adverse drug reaction? - ANSWER It
will increase the probability of an adverse drug reaction, not increase the efficacy of a
drug!!
Are efficacy and potency related? - ANSWER No not related
What is the term that is related to duration of effect of a drug? - ANSWER Half-life
,What = ? of the amount of time for a drug to "fall" to half of the original blood level? -
ANSWER Half-life of a drug
What is the term describes time to take by the drug to take affect? - ANSWER onset
What term describes the length of the drug's effect? - ANSWER duration
According to the route of administration, what can be affected? - ANSWER the onset
and duration of a drug
What are some routes of administration? - ANSWER enteral or parenteral
What are some examples of enteral administration? - ANSWER oral, and rectal
What are some examples of parenteral administration? - ANSWER intravascular,
intramuscular, subcutaneous, intradermal, inhalation, and topical
What is the difference of enteral and parenteral administration? -ANSWER enteral
administration is placed directly into the GI tract, while parenteral administration by
passes the GI tract
What route of administration is considered the safest, least expensive, and most
convenient? -ANSWER oral route
Does that mean the less one asks of the patient in terms of drug administration, the
more effective the drug would be? - ANSWER Yes; less means more
What are 3 negative features of oral administration route? - ANSWER 1) due to the large
absorbing area in small intestine it can lead to slower onset of the drug's effect and may
lead to stomach irritation with nausea and vomiting, 2) also the drug blood levels are
, less predictable, 3) and finally drugs obtained from protein sources may be inactivated
by GI acidity or enzymes
What is a drug example that is derived from proteins and are inactivated by GI acidity or
enzymes? ANSWER Insulin
With orally delivered drugs where must the drug pass through first? ANSWER hepatic
portal circulation
What are the terms that describes the first pass of an orally delivered drug? ANSWER
first-pass effect or Phase 1 reactions
What reduces the first pass effect? - ANSWER amount of drug available to produce
systemic effect
True or False, drugs with high-first past effect have a smaller oral to parenteral dose
ratio? - ANSWER False; larger
What is one example of a drug that exhibits a high first-pass effect? - ANSWER morphine
What does it mean if a drug has a high first pass effect? - ANSWER they require a larger
dose
What is another name for P-450 enzymes? - ANSWER mixed function oxidases
What microsomal or cytochrome enzymes of the liver carry out the Phase 1 reaction
aka: first-pass effect? - ANSWER P-450 enzymes of mixed function oxidases
How can the concentration of these P-450 enzymes be affected? - ANSWER they can be
affected by drugs and environmental substances like smoking and alcohol consumption
