FDNY EMS FINAL EXAM Part 1

7, 12, 5, 5, 4 - answer-Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, Sacral, and coccygeal ( Coccyx) Agonists - answer-Drugs that increase the action of a neurotransmitter Airborne transmission - answer-Involves spreading an infectious agent through mechanisms such as droplets or dust Bloodborne pathogens - answer-Microorganisms found in human blood that can cause infection and disease Cardiac muscle - answer-Involuntary muscle, only in the heart. Certification - answer-Exam is used to ensure all health care providers have at least the same basic level of knowledge and skill Closed-ended questions - answer-questions a person must answer by choosing from a limited, predetermined set of responses Conjunctiva - answer-Delicate membrane lining the eyelids and covering the eyeball Consent - answer-To give permission Crepitus - answer-A crackling or grating sound usually of bones Decision making capacity - answer-Ability to understand the information and to make a choice regarding appropriate medical care. Diaphragm - answer-When the diaphragm contracts, it moves down, enlarging the thoracic cage from top to bottom. Also moves the ribs up and out. During exhalation, the diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax. Diffusion - answer-Passive process in which molecules move from a high concentration to a lower concentration. Direct contact - answer-Occurs when an organism is moved from one person to another through touching without any intermediary Dose - answer-The amount of medication given on the basis of the patient's size and age. Expressed Consent (actual consent) - answer-Type of consent given when patient verbally or otherwise acknowledge that he or she wants you to provide care or transport. May also be nonverbal Foraman magnum - answer-The opening at the base of the skull through which the spinal cord passes from the brain General impression - answer-impression of the patient's condition that is formed on first approaching the patient, based on the patient's environment, chief complaint, and appearance. Golden hour - answer-The time from injury to definitive care, during which treatment of shock and traumatic injuries should occur because survival potential is best; also called the Golden Period. Head tilt chin lift - answer-Opening the airway to relive an obstruction can often be done quickly and easily by this maneuver. Implied consent - answer-A patient who is unconscious or otherwise incapable to make a rational decision. A serious medical condition exists and should never be used unless there is a threat to life or a limb. Indirect contact - answer-Involves the spread of infection between the patient with an infection to another person through an inanimate object. Example: ambulance stretcher (if uncleaned), or needlesticks. Informed consent - answer-Permission for treatment given by a competent patient after the potential risks, benefits, and alternatives to treatment have been explained. Involuntary muscle - answer-A muscle that is not under conscious control. Left and right lungs - answer-Left lung has 2 lobes. Right lung has 3 lobes. Licensure - answer-The process by which states ensure applicant competency in an examination setting. Lower Airway - answer-Consists of the trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli Mediastinum - answer-Space between the lungs. Surrounded by tough connective tissue Medical control - answer-provided either off-line (indirect) or online (direct), as authorized by the medical director. Online = Directions given over the phone or radio Offline = standing orders Medical director - answer-A physician who assumes ultimate responsibility for the patient-care aspects of the EMS system Medication - answer-A substance that is used to treat or prevent disease or relieve pain. Open-ended questions - answer-questions a person is to answer in his or her own words Parietal