RN VATI MEDICAL SURGERY EXAM WITH
CORRECT ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND
CORRECTLY WELL DEFINED ANSWERS
LATEST 2024 – 2025 ALREADY GRADED A+
A nurse in a long-term care facility is caring for a client who has dementia. Which
of the following actions should the nurse take?
A. Give detailed directions when addressing the client.
B. Provide finger food at mealtime.
C. Use written signs to redirect the client.
D. Seat the client at a large table for meals.
B. Provide finger food at mealtime.
The nurse should provide the client who has dementia with fingers foods. Clients
who have dementia can have difficulty sitting still and tend to wander, which
makes weight loss and malnutrition a concern. Therefore, foods that the client
can hold while ambulating are ideal.
A nurse is completing an admission assessment for a client who has bacterial
meningitis. Which of the following personal protective equipment should the
nurse use while caring for the client?
A. N95 respirator
,B. Googles
C. Disposable gown
D. Surgical mask
D. Surgical mask
The nurse should adhere to droplet precautions in addition to standard
precautions for clients who have bacterial meningitis, provided the causative
pathogen spreads via droplets. Examples of pathogens that spread via droplets
include Haemophilus influenzae and Neisseria meningitidis. The nurse should
place these clients in a private room and wear a mask when within 0.9 m (3 feet)
of the client to prevent acquiring the infection. Clients should wear a mask
whenever they are outside their room. These precautions are essential until 24 hr
after the initiation of antibiotic therapy
A nurse is assessing a client for fluid volume deficit following lumbar spinal
surgery. The nurse should identify which of the following findings as an indication
the client is at risk for fluid volume deficit?
A. BUN 16mg/dL
B. Urine output 40 mL every hour for 3 hours
C. Hct 42%
D. Surgical drain output 300 mL during an 8-hr shift
D. Surgical drain output 300 mL during an 8-hr shift
A client who had lumbar spinal surgery should not have more than 250 mL from a
drain in the first 24 hr. Therefore, 300 mL in 8 hr can indicate that the client is at
risk for fluid volume deficit.
,A nurse is assessing a client who has a central venous catheter (CVC) with
intravenous (IV) fluids infusing. The client suddenly develops shortness of breath,
and the nurse notes that the IV tubing and needleless connector device are
disconnected. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first?
A. Close the pinch clamp on the CVC.
B. Obtain a prescription for stat ABGs.
C. Place the client in left Trendelenburg position.
D. Check the tubing for placement of a locking adaptor.
A. Close the pinch clamp on the CVC.
The greatest risk to this client is air embolism resulting from accidental
disconnection of the CVC tubing. Therefore, the priority action is to clamp the
catheter immediately by closing the pinch clamp to prevent any further air from
entering the system. When an air embolism occurs, air enters through the central
vein into the right ventricle and lodges by the pulmonary valve, decreasing the
amount of blood that is able to enter into the ventricle and the pulmonary
arteries
A nurse is assessing a client who has left-sided heart failure. Which of the
following findings should the nurse identify as a manifestation of left-sided heart
failure?
A. Dependent edema
B. Jugular distention
C. Weight Gain
D/ Frothy sputum
, D. Frothy sputum
The nurse should identify that frothy sputum, dyspnea, and wheezing are
manifestations of left-sided heart failure. Treatment includes fluid restriction and
diuretics to decrease preload and reduce pulmonary congestion. Pink-tinged
frothy sputum can be an early indication of pulmonary edema and can be life-
threatening. Therefore, the nurse should notify the provider immediately.
A nurse is caring for a client who is experiencing anxiety as well as numbness and
tingling of the lips and fingers. The client's ABGs are: pH 7.48, PCO2 30 mm Hg,
HCO3 - 24 mEq/L, PaO2 85 mm Hg. Which of the following acid-base imbalances
should the nurse identify that the client is experiencing?
A.Respiratory alkalosis
B. Respiratory acidosis
C. Metabolic alkalosis
D. Metabolic acidosis
A. Respiratory Alkalosis
This pH is alkaline (increased) and the PCO2 is decreased, representing alveolar
hyperventilation and resultant respiratory alkalosis.
A nurse is assessing a client who has Cushing's syndrome. Which of the following
findings should the nurse expect?
A. Vitiligo
B. Osteoporosis
C. Myxedema
D. Heat intolerance
CORRECT ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND
CORRECTLY WELL DEFINED ANSWERS
LATEST 2024 – 2025 ALREADY GRADED A+
A nurse in a long-term care facility is caring for a client who has dementia. Which
of the following actions should the nurse take?
A. Give detailed directions when addressing the client.
B. Provide finger food at mealtime.
C. Use written signs to redirect the client.
D. Seat the client at a large table for meals.
B. Provide finger food at mealtime.
The nurse should provide the client who has dementia with fingers foods. Clients
who have dementia can have difficulty sitting still and tend to wander, which
makes weight loss and malnutrition a concern. Therefore, foods that the client
can hold while ambulating are ideal.
A nurse is completing an admission assessment for a client who has bacterial
meningitis. Which of the following personal protective equipment should the
nurse use while caring for the client?
A. N95 respirator
,B. Googles
C. Disposable gown
D. Surgical mask
D. Surgical mask
The nurse should adhere to droplet precautions in addition to standard
precautions for clients who have bacterial meningitis, provided the causative
pathogen spreads via droplets. Examples of pathogens that spread via droplets
include Haemophilus influenzae and Neisseria meningitidis. The nurse should
place these clients in a private room and wear a mask when within 0.9 m (3 feet)
of the client to prevent acquiring the infection. Clients should wear a mask
whenever they are outside their room. These precautions are essential until 24 hr
after the initiation of antibiotic therapy
A nurse is assessing a client for fluid volume deficit following lumbar spinal
surgery. The nurse should identify which of the following findings as an indication
the client is at risk for fluid volume deficit?
A. BUN 16mg/dL
B. Urine output 40 mL every hour for 3 hours
C. Hct 42%
D. Surgical drain output 300 mL during an 8-hr shift
D. Surgical drain output 300 mL during an 8-hr shift
A client who had lumbar spinal surgery should not have more than 250 mL from a
drain in the first 24 hr. Therefore, 300 mL in 8 hr can indicate that the client is at
risk for fluid volume deficit.
,A nurse is assessing a client who has a central venous catheter (CVC) with
intravenous (IV) fluids infusing. The client suddenly develops shortness of breath,
and the nurse notes that the IV tubing and needleless connector device are
disconnected. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first?
A. Close the pinch clamp on the CVC.
B. Obtain a prescription for stat ABGs.
C. Place the client in left Trendelenburg position.
D. Check the tubing for placement of a locking adaptor.
A. Close the pinch clamp on the CVC.
The greatest risk to this client is air embolism resulting from accidental
disconnection of the CVC tubing. Therefore, the priority action is to clamp the
catheter immediately by closing the pinch clamp to prevent any further air from
entering the system. When an air embolism occurs, air enters through the central
vein into the right ventricle and lodges by the pulmonary valve, decreasing the
amount of blood that is able to enter into the ventricle and the pulmonary
arteries
A nurse is assessing a client who has left-sided heart failure. Which of the
following findings should the nurse identify as a manifestation of left-sided heart
failure?
A. Dependent edema
B. Jugular distention
C. Weight Gain
D/ Frothy sputum
, D. Frothy sputum
The nurse should identify that frothy sputum, dyspnea, and wheezing are
manifestations of left-sided heart failure. Treatment includes fluid restriction and
diuretics to decrease preload and reduce pulmonary congestion. Pink-tinged
frothy sputum can be an early indication of pulmonary edema and can be life-
threatening. Therefore, the nurse should notify the provider immediately.
A nurse is caring for a client who is experiencing anxiety as well as numbness and
tingling of the lips and fingers. The client's ABGs are: pH 7.48, PCO2 30 mm Hg,
HCO3 - 24 mEq/L, PaO2 85 mm Hg. Which of the following acid-base imbalances
should the nurse identify that the client is experiencing?
A.Respiratory alkalosis
B. Respiratory acidosis
C. Metabolic alkalosis
D. Metabolic acidosis
A. Respiratory Alkalosis
This pH is alkaline (increased) and the PCO2 is decreased, representing alveolar
hyperventilation and resultant respiratory alkalosis.
A nurse is assessing a client who has Cushing's syndrome. Which of the following
findings should the nurse expect?
A. Vitiligo
B. Osteoporosis
C. Myxedema
D. Heat intolerance
