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College 3. Afasie

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GGZ2027 Neuropsychologische stoornissen. Uitwerking college 3: Afasie

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  • February 28, 2020
  • 9
  • 2019/2020
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GGZ2027
College 3
Afasie
13 januari 2020

Defenitie van afasie
Een verworven taalstoornis door niet-aangeboren hersenletsel, waarbij de taal is aangedaan.
Dit kan in verschillende modaliteiten: schrijven, spreken, begrijpen. De gewone
taalverwerking is al afgerond. Het is geen taalontwikkelingsstoornis. Er gebeurt plotseling
iets (vaak beroerte of ongeluk met accuut hersenletsel) waardoor de taalgebieden geraakt
worden en er een storing is in de communicatie.

Oorzaken
Afasie is bijna altijd (97%) veroorzaakt door de linker hemisfeer laesie
- CVA
- Hersen tumor
- Trauma
- Infectie

Afasie komt nooit alleen voor
- Cognitie is bijna altijd betrokken
- Geheugen
- Aandacht
- Hemianopsie
- Apraxie
- Hemiparese (halfzijdig verlamd)
- Vermoeidheid

Frenologie
- Joseph Gall (1758-1828)
- Elke functie is verbonden met een specifiek breingebied
- Een sterk ontwikkelde functie wordt geassocieerd met een vergroting van het
overeenkomstige hersengebied (talenknobbel)

Paul Broca
- 1861: post mortem investigation: speech production is associated with left inferior
frontal cortex
- Broca’s area

Wernicke
- Posterior left temporal lobe: begrip van taal
- Empty speech  het is leeg wat je vertelt, er is geen goed begrip aan te koppelen

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