MCPHS Pathophys test 1 Questions and
Answers
Affinity maturation Correct Ans-Helper T cells cause production of high affinity antibodies
Cell mediated Immunity Correct Ans-1)Dendritic cells transport antigen to lymph, express
MHC II
2) naive T cell recognize, proliferate, and differentiate into effector and memory cells.
3) T cell enter circulation
4) T cell migration to site
5)CD4 - activate phagocyte/ recruit leukocyte
CD8 - kill intracellular pathogens
Atopy Correct Ans-increased susceptibility to develop immediate hypersensitivity reaction
Antibody functions Correct Ans-1) Enhance phagocytosis by: Neutralize virus/bacteria,
agglutinate (clump) microbes, precipitate dissolved antigens
2)Cell lysis: activation of complement
IgG Immunoglobulins Correct Ans-most abundant, late immune response, can be transported
across placenta
,IgM Immunoglobulins Correct Ans-predominates in primary immune response, strong
complement relation
IgA Immunoglobulins Correct Ans-abundant in mucosal secretions (saliva, bile)
IgE Immunoglobulins Correct Ans-protect against parasites. RESPONSIBLE FOR
ALLERGIC REACTIONS
Hypersensitivity Type I Immediate (first hour) Correct Ans-Mast cell coated in IgE
antibodies- Vasodilation, permeability, smooth muscle spasm. Caused by membrane
phospholipids (prostaglandins/Leukotrienes) and granule content (histamine and protease)
Hypersensitivity Type I Late phase (2-24 hr) Correct Ans-Cytokine induce Inflammation by
leukocyte infiltration, epithelial damage, bronchospasm
Clinical manifestations of Type I hypersensitivity Correct Ans-Rhinitis: mucus, inflammation
Food allergies: Incr. peristalsis
Bronchial Asthma: bronchial inflammation from late phase
Anaphylaxis- low blood pressure (shock) and bronchoconstriction
Hypersensitivity Type II Antibody mediated Correct Ans-A) Opsonization of cells by
antibodies/complement
B) Antibody binds to Fc receptor of leukocytes and cause complement activation
, C) Antibodies bind against receptor inhibiting normal function (Myasthenia gravis from Ach
receptor or Grasves disease from TSH receptor)
Hypersensitivity Type III Antigen-antibody complex Correct Ans-Antibody/antigen
complexes deposit in blood stream and cause inflammation/injury to tissue
Ex: Lupus (nuclear antigen) or Reactive arthritis (bacterial antigens)
Hypersensitivity Type IV
Cell mediated Correct Ans-1)Overactive CD4 (inflammation/neutrophil and monocyte
activation)
2)Overactive CD8 - kill cells with perforins and granzymes
Ex: Type 1 DM (Beta islets), Contact sensitivity (poison ivy), and PPD for TB (microbial
proteins)
Autoimmune Disease Correct Ans-Definition: loss of self-tolerance
Requirements: Specific immune reaction to self antigen or self tissue, Primary pathologic cause,
and Lack of other pathological cause.
Can be organ specific (DM I) or Systemic (SLE)
Immunologic Toleranc Correct Ans-Unresponsiveness to antigen even though lymphocytes
are exposed to the antigen
Answers
Affinity maturation Correct Ans-Helper T cells cause production of high affinity antibodies
Cell mediated Immunity Correct Ans-1)Dendritic cells transport antigen to lymph, express
MHC II
2) naive T cell recognize, proliferate, and differentiate into effector and memory cells.
3) T cell enter circulation
4) T cell migration to site
5)CD4 - activate phagocyte/ recruit leukocyte
CD8 - kill intracellular pathogens
Atopy Correct Ans-increased susceptibility to develop immediate hypersensitivity reaction
Antibody functions Correct Ans-1) Enhance phagocytosis by: Neutralize virus/bacteria,
agglutinate (clump) microbes, precipitate dissolved antigens
2)Cell lysis: activation of complement
IgG Immunoglobulins Correct Ans-most abundant, late immune response, can be transported
across placenta
,IgM Immunoglobulins Correct Ans-predominates in primary immune response, strong
complement relation
IgA Immunoglobulins Correct Ans-abundant in mucosal secretions (saliva, bile)
IgE Immunoglobulins Correct Ans-protect against parasites. RESPONSIBLE FOR
ALLERGIC REACTIONS
Hypersensitivity Type I Immediate (first hour) Correct Ans-Mast cell coated in IgE
antibodies- Vasodilation, permeability, smooth muscle spasm. Caused by membrane
phospholipids (prostaglandins/Leukotrienes) and granule content (histamine and protease)
Hypersensitivity Type I Late phase (2-24 hr) Correct Ans-Cytokine induce Inflammation by
leukocyte infiltration, epithelial damage, bronchospasm
Clinical manifestations of Type I hypersensitivity Correct Ans-Rhinitis: mucus, inflammation
Food allergies: Incr. peristalsis
Bronchial Asthma: bronchial inflammation from late phase
Anaphylaxis- low blood pressure (shock) and bronchoconstriction
Hypersensitivity Type II Antibody mediated Correct Ans-A) Opsonization of cells by
antibodies/complement
B) Antibody binds to Fc receptor of leukocytes and cause complement activation
, C) Antibodies bind against receptor inhibiting normal function (Myasthenia gravis from Ach
receptor or Grasves disease from TSH receptor)
Hypersensitivity Type III Antigen-antibody complex Correct Ans-Antibody/antigen
complexes deposit in blood stream and cause inflammation/injury to tissue
Ex: Lupus (nuclear antigen) or Reactive arthritis (bacterial antigens)
Hypersensitivity Type IV
Cell mediated Correct Ans-1)Overactive CD4 (inflammation/neutrophil and monocyte
activation)
2)Overactive CD8 - kill cells with perforins and granzymes
Ex: Type 1 DM (Beta islets), Contact sensitivity (poison ivy), and PPD for TB (microbial
proteins)
Autoimmune Disease Correct Ans-Definition: loss of self-tolerance
Requirements: Specific immune reaction to self antigen or self tissue, Primary pathologic cause,
and Lack of other pathological cause.
Can be organ specific (DM I) or Systemic (SLE)
Immunologic Toleranc Correct Ans-Unresponsiveness to antigen even though lymphocytes
are exposed to the antigen
