OSOCIOLOGY FINAL EXAM STUDY
GUIDE COMPLETE SOLUTION 100%
VERIFIED ANSWERS BY EXPERTS
Max Weber - German sociologist, economist, legal scholar, historian and politician. He told his students
that they should imply "verstehen" (German for understanding or insight) in their intellectual work. He
advised the students that in order to comprehend behavior, one must learn the subject meanings people
attached to their actions, how they themselves see and explain their behavior.
technology - The practical application of tools, skills, and knowledge to meet human needs and extend
human abilities
ethnocentrism - The tendency to view one's own group and its cultural expectations as right, proper, and
superior to others
cultural relativism - Setting aside personal beliefs and prejudices to understand a culture through the
eyes of members of that culture, using its own standards
values - Nonmaterial shared judgments about what is desirable or undesirable, right or wrong, and good
or bad; they express the basic ideals of any culture
norms - Rules of behavior shared by members of a society and rooted in the value system
folkways - Customs or desirable behaviors, but they are not strictly enforced
mores - Norms that most members observe because they have great moral significance in a society.
Conforming to mores is a matter of right and wrong, and violations of many mores are treated very
seriously
incest taboo - Prohibition against sex with a close relative
, white collar crime - A violation of the law committed by an individual or a group in the course of a
legitimate, respected occupation or financial activity. Also known as occupational crime. Occupational
crimes include embezzlement, pilfering, bribery, tax evasion, price fixing, obstruction of justice, and
various forms of fraud.
stigma - Disapproved characteristic that discredits a person's claim to a "normal" identity
social stratification - Refers to how individuals and groups are layered or ranked in society according to
how many valued resources they possess
wealth - Comprises one's income, property, and total assets
feminization of poverty - Refers to the trend in which single females, increasingly younger and with
children, make up a growing proportion of those in poverty
prejudice - Attitudes that prejudge a group, usually negatively and not based on facts
discrimination - Differential treatment of and harmful actions against minorities
racism - Any institutional arrangement that favors one racial group over another
genocide - The systematic effort of one group, usually the dominant group, to destroy a minority group
pluralism - Occurs when each ethnic or racial group in a country maintains its own culture and separate
set of institutions
assimilation - The structural and cultural merging of minority and majority groups in society
conflict theory - Theory that focuses on societal groups competing for scarce resources.
GUIDE COMPLETE SOLUTION 100%
VERIFIED ANSWERS BY EXPERTS
Max Weber - German sociologist, economist, legal scholar, historian and politician. He told his students
that they should imply "verstehen" (German for understanding or insight) in their intellectual work. He
advised the students that in order to comprehend behavior, one must learn the subject meanings people
attached to their actions, how they themselves see and explain their behavior.
technology - The practical application of tools, skills, and knowledge to meet human needs and extend
human abilities
ethnocentrism - The tendency to view one's own group and its cultural expectations as right, proper, and
superior to others
cultural relativism - Setting aside personal beliefs and prejudices to understand a culture through the
eyes of members of that culture, using its own standards
values - Nonmaterial shared judgments about what is desirable or undesirable, right or wrong, and good
or bad; they express the basic ideals of any culture
norms - Rules of behavior shared by members of a society and rooted in the value system
folkways - Customs or desirable behaviors, but they are not strictly enforced
mores - Norms that most members observe because they have great moral significance in a society.
Conforming to mores is a matter of right and wrong, and violations of many mores are treated very
seriously
incest taboo - Prohibition against sex with a close relative
, white collar crime - A violation of the law committed by an individual or a group in the course of a
legitimate, respected occupation or financial activity. Also known as occupational crime. Occupational
crimes include embezzlement, pilfering, bribery, tax evasion, price fixing, obstruction of justice, and
various forms of fraud.
stigma - Disapproved characteristic that discredits a person's claim to a "normal" identity
social stratification - Refers to how individuals and groups are layered or ranked in society according to
how many valued resources they possess
wealth - Comprises one's income, property, and total assets
feminization of poverty - Refers to the trend in which single females, increasingly younger and with
children, make up a growing proportion of those in poverty
prejudice - Attitudes that prejudge a group, usually negatively and not based on facts
discrimination - Differential treatment of and harmful actions against minorities
racism - Any institutional arrangement that favors one racial group over another
genocide - The systematic effort of one group, usually the dominant group, to destroy a minority group
pluralism - Occurs when each ethnic or racial group in a country maintains its own culture and separate
set of institutions
assimilation - The structural and cultural merging of minority and majority groups in society
conflict theory - Theory that focuses on societal groups competing for scarce resources.
