HNF 150 EXAM 3 QUESTIONS WITH PASSED
ANSWERS GRADED A+
Describe the major roles of water Answer - -carries nutrients
-cleanses tissue and blood-solvent-> dissolves other substances to create a
solution
-chemical reactions
-lubricant around joints
-shock absorber
-body temperature
Identify the causes, signs and symptoms of dehydration Answer - Causes: don't
drink enough fluids, diuretics, eat lots of salt and sugarSigns of mild: thirst, dry
mouth, lack of energy/feeling tired, rough dry skin, sudden weight loss, rapid
pulse, low BP, impaired kidney function, reduced urineSigns of severe: pale
skin, bluish lips and fingertips, confusion, rapid shallow breathing, weak rapid
irregular pulse, shock, seizures, coma, death
Recall how water is regulated in the body Answer - The brain and kidneys
regulate water
The hypothalamus regulates thirst
-salivary glands are detecting blood conc., when its too low we get thirsty
-hypothalmus signals a hormone from the pituitary gland
- kidneys retain as much water as possible, urine is yellow because trying
Recognize the sources of water input and output Answer - Input- fluids, water
content in foods, water produced from metabolism
,Output-skin perspiration, lung respiration, feces, urine
Recognize the differences between soft and hard water Answer - Soft water-
less minerals than hard water-contains mostly NA, maybe K-easier on
appliances an pipes-not as palatable
hard water-> more minerals overall than soft water (especially Ca and Mg)-
about 85% of water in US-leaves deposits
Compare the safety regulations of tap and bottled water Answer - BOTTLED-
disinfection is NOT required, confirmed e coli is NOT banned, filtering of
pathogens is NOT required, and testing for bacteria is done 1/week
TAP-disinfection IS required, confirmed e coli IS banned, filtering of pathogens
IS required, and testing for bacteria is done hundreds HUNDREDS/month
Solvent Answer - A liquid substance capable of dissolving other substances
water balance Answer - the balance between water intake and water
excretion, which keeps the body's water content constant
Dehydration Answer - A serious reduction in the body's water content
Diuretics Answer - Drugs that elevate the rate of bodily urine excretion
Electrolytes (ions) Answer - electrically charged ions in solution, (sodium,
chloride, potassium, magnesium, calcium), maintain balance of water outside
the cell
Ions Answer - positively and negatively charged atoms
,Hyponatremia Answer - deficient sodium in the blood
Recognize the roles of minerals in maintaining fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base
balance. Answer - Minerals form salts that dissolve in the body and direct
where water goesterm-48 because water follows salt. They separate into
electrically charged particles called electrolytes. To control the flow of water,
the body moves these electrolytes from one body compartment to another to
keep a proper balance
State components of food that increase and decrease bioavailablity and
absorption, and generalcharacteristics of transport of minerals Answer -
Bioavailability: "degree to which the amount of an ingested nutrient is
absorbed and is available in the body"- Food components affect digestion and
absorption- Mineral absorption is increased when need is increased: deficiency,
pregnancy, etc.
Increase:- Gastric acidity- Vitamin C (iron absorption), Vitamin D (Ca, P, Mg
absorption)
Decrease:- Physic acids = whole grain fibers, breads, legumes-
Oxalic acid = leafy green plants-
Polyphenols = tea, chocolate, wine-
High dose of supplements of single minerals
1. Identify the main functions of each mineral in the body, deficiency diseases
and/or symptoms for eachmineral, best ways to obtain each mineral from
food/main food sources: a. Iodine Answer - Functions:1. Aids in regulating the
BMR2. Needed for synthesis of thyroid hormones: thyroxine and
triodothyronine3. Thyroid hormones: Regulate BMR, Macronutrient
metabolism, Brain & Nervous System Development, and Growth
, Deficiency: Goiter, Cretinism
Symptoms:1. Goiter - slowed metabolism, feeling cold, depression2.
Cretinism - sevre intellectual dsability, loss of hearing and speech, very short
statureFood Sources: iodized salt (processed foods), saltwater seafood,
seaweed, foods grown in iodine-rich soil, and dairy
Identify the main functions of each mineral in the body, deficiency diseases
and/or symptoms for eachmineral, best ways to obtain each mineral from
food/main food sources: Zinc Answer - 4 MAIN: DNA synthesis, Helps
reactions, Antioxidant, digestion
2. Overt: Affects behavior and learning, Assists in immune function, Essential to
wound healing, Sperm Production, Taste Perception & Fetal Development3.
Deficiency/Symptoms: loss of appetite and sense of taste, delayed growth
(stunting) and sexual maturation, immune dysfunction: dermatitis & diarrhea,
birth defects & infant mortality
Food Sources: mollusks, red meat, seafood, nuts, legumes, whole grain (not
fortified in refined grains), dairy (plant-based sources not well abosrbed)
Identify the main functions of each mineral in the body, deficiency diseases
and/or symptoms for each mineral, best ways to obtain each mineral from
food/main food sources: Flouride Answer - Functions: promotes re-
mineralization of tooth enamel
Deficiency/symptoms: nausea, diarrhea, seizures, coma
ANSWERS GRADED A+
Describe the major roles of water Answer - -carries nutrients
-cleanses tissue and blood-solvent-> dissolves other substances to create a
solution
-chemical reactions
-lubricant around joints
-shock absorber
-body temperature
Identify the causes, signs and symptoms of dehydration Answer - Causes: don't
drink enough fluids, diuretics, eat lots of salt and sugarSigns of mild: thirst, dry
mouth, lack of energy/feeling tired, rough dry skin, sudden weight loss, rapid
pulse, low BP, impaired kidney function, reduced urineSigns of severe: pale
skin, bluish lips and fingertips, confusion, rapid shallow breathing, weak rapid
irregular pulse, shock, seizures, coma, death
Recall how water is regulated in the body Answer - The brain and kidneys
regulate water
The hypothalamus regulates thirst
-salivary glands are detecting blood conc., when its too low we get thirsty
-hypothalmus signals a hormone from the pituitary gland
- kidneys retain as much water as possible, urine is yellow because trying
Recognize the sources of water input and output Answer - Input- fluids, water
content in foods, water produced from metabolism
,Output-skin perspiration, lung respiration, feces, urine
Recognize the differences between soft and hard water Answer - Soft water-
less minerals than hard water-contains mostly NA, maybe K-easier on
appliances an pipes-not as palatable
hard water-> more minerals overall than soft water (especially Ca and Mg)-
about 85% of water in US-leaves deposits
Compare the safety regulations of tap and bottled water Answer - BOTTLED-
disinfection is NOT required, confirmed e coli is NOT banned, filtering of
pathogens is NOT required, and testing for bacteria is done 1/week
TAP-disinfection IS required, confirmed e coli IS banned, filtering of pathogens
IS required, and testing for bacteria is done hundreds HUNDREDS/month
Solvent Answer - A liquid substance capable of dissolving other substances
water balance Answer - the balance between water intake and water
excretion, which keeps the body's water content constant
Dehydration Answer - A serious reduction in the body's water content
Diuretics Answer - Drugs that elevate the rate of bodily urine excretion
Electrolytes (ions) Answer - electrically charged ions in solution, (sodium,
chloride, potassium, magnesium, calcium), maintain balance of water outside
the cell
Ions Answer - positively and negatively charged atoms
,Hyponatremia Answer - deficient sodium in the blood
Recognize the roles of minerals in maintaining fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base
balance. Answer - Minerals form salts that dissolve in the body and direct
where water goesterm-48 because water follows salt. They separate into
electrically charged particles called electrolytes. To control the flow of water,
the body moves these electrolytes from one body compartment to another to
keep a proper balance
State components of food that increase and decrease bioavailablity and
absorption, and generalcharacteristics of transport of minerals Answer -
Bioavailability: "degree to which the amount of an ingested nutrient is
absorbed and is available in the body"- Food components affect digestion and
absorption- Mineral absorption is increased when need is increased: deficiency,
pregnancy, etc.
Increase:- Gastric acidity- Vitamin C (iron absorption), Vitamin D (Ca, P, Mg
absorption)
Decrease:- Physic acids = whole grain fibers, breads, legumes-
Oxalic acid = leafy green plants-
Polyphenols = tea, chocolate, wine-
High dose of supplements of single minerals
1. Identify the main functions of each mineral in the body, deficiency diseases
and/or symptoms for eachmineral, best ways to obtain each mineral from
food/main food sources: a. Iodine Answer - Functions:1. Aids in regulating the
BMR2. Needed for synthesis of thyroid hormones: thyroxine and
triodothyronine3. Thyroid hormones: Regulate BMR, Macronutrient
metabolism, Brain & Nervous System Development, and Growth
, Deficiency: Goiter, Cretinism
Symptoms:1. Goiter - slowed metabolism, feeling cold, depression2.
Cretinism - sevre intellectual dsability, loss of hearing and speech, very short
statureFood Sources: iodized salt (processed foods), saltwater seafood,
seaweed, foods grown in iodine-rich soil, and dairy
Identify the main functions of each mineral in the body, deficiency diseases
and/or symptoms for eachmineral, best ways to obtain each mineral from
food/main food sources: Zinc Answer - 4 MAIN: DNA synthesis, Helps
reactions, Antioxidant, digestion
2. Overt: Affects behavior and learning, Assists in immune function, Essential to
wound healing, Sperm Production, Taste Perception & Fetal Development3.
Deficiency/Symptoms: loss of appetite and sense of taste, delayed growth
(stunting) and sexual maturation, immune dysfunction: dermatitis & diarrhea,
birth defects & infant mortality
Food Sources: mollusks, red meat, seafood, nuts, legumes, whole grain (not
fortified in refined grains), dairy (plant-based sources not well abosrbed)
Identify the main functions of each mineral in the body, deficiency diseases
and/or symptoms for each mineral, best ways to obtain each mineral from
food/main food sources: Flouride Answer - Functions: promotes re-
mineralization of tooth enamel
Deficiency/symptoms: nausea, diarrhea, seizures, coma
