DIABETES EXAM QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT REVISED ANSWERS WITH
EXPLANATIONS PASS
GUARANTEED LATEST UPDATE
To prevent hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia with exercise, the nurse teaches the patient
using glucose-lowering agents that exercise should be undertaken
a. only after a 10- to 15-g carbohydrate snack is eaten.
b. about 1 hour after a eating, when blood glucose levels are rising.
c. when glucose monitoring reveals that the blood glucose is in the normal range.
d. when blood glucose levels are high because exercise always has a hypoglycemic
effect. - Answer- b. Rationale: During exercise, a diabetic person needs both adequate
glucose to prevent exercise-induced hypoglycemia and adequate insulin because
conterregulatory hormones are produced during the stress of exercise and may cause
hyperglycemia. Exercise after meals is best, but a 10- to 15-g carbohydrate snack may
be taken if exercise is performed before meals or is prolonged. Blood glucose levels
should be monitored before, during, and after exercise to determine the effect of
exercise on the levels.
The nurse assesses the diabetic patient's technique of self-monitoring of blood glucose
(SMBG) 3 months after initial instruction. An error in the performance of SMBG noted by
the nurse that requires intervention is
a. doing the SMBG before and after exercising.
b. puncturing the finger on the side of the finger pad.
c. cleaning the puncture site with alcohol before the puncture.
d. holding the hand down for a few minutes before the puncture. - Answer- c. Rationale:
Cleaning the puncture site with alcohol is not necessary and may interfere with test
results and lead to drying and splitting of the fingertips. Washing the hands with warm
water is adequate cleaning and promotes blood flow to the fingers. Blood flow is also
increase by holding the hand down. Puncture on the side of the finger pad are less
painful. Self-monitored blood glucose (SMBG) should be performed before and after
exercise.
, A nurse working in an outpatient clinic plans a screening program for diabetes.
Recommendations for screening would include
a. OGTT fro all minority populations every year.
b. FPG for all individuals at age 45 and then every 3 years.
c. testing all people under the age of 21 for islet cell antibodies.
d. testing for type 2 diabetes only in overweight or obese individuals. - Answer- b.
Rationale: The American Diabetes Association recommends that testing for type 2
diabetes with a FPG should be considered for all individuals at the age of 45 and above
and, if normal, repeated every 3 years. Testing for immune markers of type 1 diabetes
is not recommended. Testing of a younger age or more frequently should be done for
members of a high-risk ethnic population, including African Americans, Hispanics,
Native Americans, Asians Americans, and Pacific Islanders.
A patient with diabetes calls the clinic because she is experiencing nausea and flulike
symptoms. The nurse advises the patient to
a. administer the usual insulin dosage.
b. hold fluid intake until the nausea subsides.
c. come to the clinic immediately for evaluation and treatment.
d. monitor the blood glucose every 1 to 2 hours and call if the glucose rises over 150
mg/dL (8.3 mmol/L) - Answer- a. Rationale: During minor illnesses, the patient with
diabetes should continue drug therapy and food intake. Insulin is important because
counter regulatory hormones may raise blood glucose during the stress of illness, and
food or a carbohydrate liquid substitution is important because during illness the body
requires extra energy to deal with the stress of the illness. Blood glucose monitoring
should be done every 4 hour, and the health care provider should be notified if the level
is >240mg/dL (13.9 mmol/L) or if fever, ketonuria, or nausea and vomiting occur.
Ketoacidosis occurs as a complication of diabetes when
a. illnesses causing nausea and vomiting lead to bicarbonate loss with body fluids.
b. the glucose level becomes so high that osmotic diuresis promotes fluid and
electrolyte loss.
c. an insulin deficit causes the body to metabolize large amounts of fatty acids rather
than glucose for energy.
d. the patient skips meals after taking insulin, leading to rapid metabolism of glucose
and breakdown of fats for energy. - Answer- c. Rationale: When insulin is insufficient
and glucose cannot be used for cellular energy, the body releasees and breaks down
stored fats and protein to meet energy needs. Free fatty acids from stored triglycerides
are released and metabolized in the liver in such large quantities that ketones are
formed. Ketones are acidic and alter the pH of the blood, causing acidosis. Osmotic
diuresis occurs as a result of loss of both glucose and ketones in the urine.
CORRECT REVISED ANSWERS WITH
EXPLANATIONS PASS
GUARANTEED LATEST UPDATE
To prevent hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia with exercise, the nurse teaches the patient
using glucose-lowering agents that exercise should be undertaken
a. only after a 10- to 15-g carbohydrate snack is eaten.
b. about 1 hour after a eating, when blood glucose levels are rising.
c. when glucose monitoring reveals that the blood glucose is in the normal range.
d. when blood glucose levels are high because exercise always has a hypoglycemic
effect. - Answer- b. Rationale: During exercise, a diabetic person needs both adequate
glucose to prevent exercise-induced hypoglycemia and adequate insulin because
conterregulatory hormones are produced during the stress of exercise and may cause
hyperglycemia. Exercise after meals is best, but a 10- to 15-g carbohydrate snack may
be taken if exercise is performed before meals or is prolonged. Blood glucose levels
should be monitored before, during, and after exercise to determine the effect of
exercise on the levels.
The nurse assesses the diabetic patient's technique of self-monitoring of blood glucose
(SMBG) 3 months after initial instruction. An error in the performance of SMBG noted by
the nurse that requires intervention is
a. doing the SMBG before and after exercising.
b. puncturing the finger on the side of the finger pad.
c. cleaning the puncture site with alcohol before the puncture.
d. holding the hand down for a few minutes before the puncture. - Answer- c. Rationale:
Cleaning the puncture site with alcohol is not necessary and may interfere with test
results and lead to drying and splitting of the fingertips. Washing the hands with warm
water is adequate cleaning and promotes blood flow to the fingers. Blood flow is also
increase by holding the hand down. Puncture on the side of the finger pad are less
painful. Self-monitored blood glucose (SMBG) should be performed before and after
exercise.
, A nurse working in an outpatient clinic plans a screening program for diabetes.
Recommendations for screening would include
a. OGTT fro all minority populations every year.
b. FPG for all individuals at age 45 and then every 3 years.
c. testing all people under the age of 21 for islet cell antibodies.
d. testing for type 2 diabetes only in overweight or obese individuals. - Answer- b.
Rationale: The American Diabetes Association recommends that testing for type 2
diabetes with a FPG should be considered for all individuals at the age of 45 and above
and, if normal, repeated every 3 years. Testing for immune markers of type 1 diabetes
is not recommended. Testing of a younger age or more frequently should be done for
members of a high-risk ethnic population, including African Americans, Hispanics,
Native Americans, Asians Americans, and Pacific Islanders.
A patient with diabetes calls the clinic because she is experiencing nausea and flulike
symptoms. The nurse advises the patient to
a. administer the usual insulin dosage.
b. hold fluid intake until the nausea subsides.
c. come to the clinic immediately for evaluation and treatment.
d. monitor the blood glucose every 1 to 2 hours and call if the glucose rises over 150
mg/dL (8.3 mmol/L) - Answer- a. Rationale: During minor illnesses, the patient with
diabetes should continue drug therapy and food intake. Insulin is important because
counter regulatory hormones may raise blood glucose during the stress of illness, and
food or a carbohydrate liquid substitution is important because during illness the body
requires extra energy to deal with the stress of the illness. Blood glucose monitoring
should be done every 4 hour, and the health care provider should be notified if the level
is >240mg/dL (13.9 mmol/L) or if fever, ketonuria, or nausea and vomiting occur.
Ketoacidosis occurs as a complication of diabetes when
a. illnesses causing nausea and vomiting lead to bicarbonate loss with body fluids.
b. the glucose level becomes so high that osmotic diuresis promotes fluid and
electrolyte loss.
c. an insulin deficit causes the body to metabolize large amounts of fatty acids rather
than glucose for energy.
d. the patient skips meals after taking insulin, leading to rapid metabolism of glucose
and breakdown of fats for energy. - Answer- c. Rationale: When insulin is insufficient
and glucose cannot be used for cellular energy, the body releasees and breaks down
stored fats and protein to meet energy needs. Free fatty acids from stored triglycerides
are released and metabolized in the liver in such large quantities that ketones are
formed. Ketones are acidic and alter the pH of the blood, causing acidosis. Osmotic
diuresis occurs as a result of loss of both glucose and ketones in the urine.
