HISTO_CARDIO EXAM 2024|2025
QUESTIONS AND WEII CORRECT
ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERED)
GRADED A+++
Three functions of the heart - correct answers Electrical
conduction, contraction during systole, relaxation during diastole
Functions of the cardiovascular system - correct answers delivery
of oxygen, nutrients, water, hormones and regulatory chemicals to the
living tissues; removes carbon dioxide and metabolic wastes;
thermoregulation; supports blood flow dependent functions including
urine formation in the kidneys, gas exchange in the lungs, metabolism
in working skeletal muscle, digestive processes and absorption, and
repro system functions
Name the layers of the heart - correct answers Endocardium,
myocardium, and epicardium
Endocardium - correct answers inner layer of heart, single cell
layer of endothelial cells
Mycocardium - correct answers the middle layer of the heart,
thicker layer of cardiac muscle (myocardial) cells
,Epicardium - correct answers the outer layer of the heart that is
made of a thin layer of mesothelial cells (aka visceral serous
pericardium)
Pericardium - correct answers fibrous structure surrounding the
heart to secure it within the mediastinal space and protects the heart
Layers of the pericardium - correct answers fibrous pericardium,
parietal layer of serous pericardium, visceral layer of serous
pericardium (epicardium)
What are the visceral and parietal serous pericardium analogous to? -
correct answers fist in a balloon
What is the space between the visceral and parietal layer of the
pericardium called? - correct answers pericardial cavity
How many chambers do mammalian/bird heart have? - correct
answers 4
Function of atria - correct answers receive blood returning to the
heart
function of ventricles - correct answers pump blood out of the
heart
How many valves are attached to the cardiac skeleton? - correct
answers 4 (pulmonic, aortic, mitral, and tricuspid)
, Functions of the fibrous cardiac skeleton - correct answers
Structure (attachment/anchoring point for myocardium and valves)
and Insulation (prevents uncontrolled electrical transmission between
the atria and ventricles through atrioventricular node and bundle of
His)
T or F:The heart is a muscle - correct answers true
Why does cardiac muscle (myocardium) need unique features? -
correct answers Unique functions of cardiac muscle including rapid
depolarization and high energy needs
What is the contractile unit of the heart? - correct answers
Sarcomere
What controls sarcomere contraction? - correct answers complex
proteins
What are the subdivisions of the heart used to localize abnormal
findings? - correct answers Base and apex
You are performing an annual wellness exam in a 5yo dachshund and
auscultate a right apical murmur. Your patient likely has regurgitation
of which heart valve? - correct answers Tricuspid
Define hemodynamics - correct answers Principles that govern
blood flow
, What are the 2 circulation series? - correct answers pulmonic
circulation (R) and systemic circulation (L)
T or F: cardiac output from R and L ventricles is normally equal -
correct answers TRUE
Define Cardiac Output (CO) - correct answers rate at which blood
is pumped out of the ventricles (L/min)
How does blood travel? - correct answers From high pressure to
low pressure
T or F: pressure remain consistent throughout the circulatory system -
correct answers F - blood has to have different pressures since
blood is "lazy" and wants to move from high to low pressures
Systemic circulation is _________________ pressure and pulmonary
circulation is _________________ pressure - correct answers
high;low
What 2 factors dictate blood flow? - correct answers pressure
gradients and one-way valves
T or F: The percentage of blood flow to different organs can be
modified - correct answers T - modified according to metabolic
need
QUESTIONS AND WEII CORRECT
ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERED)
GRADED A+++
Three functions of the heart - correct answers Electrical
conduction, contraction during systole, relaxation during diastole
Functions of the cardiovascular system - correct answers delivery
of oxygen, nutrients, water, hormones and regulatory chemicals to the
living tissues; removes carbon dioxide and metabolic wastes;
thermoregulation; supports blood flow dependent functions including
urine formation in the kidneys, gas exchange in the lungs, metabolism
in working skeletal muscle, digestive processes and absorption, and
repro system functions
Name the layers of the heart - correct answers Endocardium,
myocardium, and epicardium
Endocardium - correct answers inner layer of heart, single cell
layer of endothelial cells
Mycocardium - correct answers the middle layer of the heart,
thicker layer of cardiac muscle (myocardial) cells
,Epicardium - correct answers the outer layer of the heart that is
made of a thin layer of mesothelial cells (aka visceral serous
pericardium)
Pericardium - correct answers fibrous structure surrounding the
heart to secure it within the mediastinal space and protects the heart
Layers of the pericardium - correct answers fibrous pericardium,
parietal layer of serous pericardium, visceral layer of serous
pericardium (epicardium)
What are the visceral and parietal serous pericardium analogous to? -
correct answers fist in a balloon
What is the space between the visceral and parietal layer of the
pericardium called? - correct answers pericardial cavity
How many chambers do mammalian/bird heart have? - correct
answers 4
Function of atria - correct answers receive blood returning to the
heart
function of ventricles - correct answers pump blood out of the
heart
How many valves are attached to the cardiac skeleton? - correct
answers 4 (pulmonic, aortic, mitral, and tricuspid)
, Functions of the fibrous cardiac skeleton - correct answers
Structure (attachment/anchoring point for myocardium and valves)
and Insulation (prevents uncontrolled electrical transmission between
the atria and ventricles through atrioventricular node and bundle of
His)
T or F:The heart is a muscle - correct answers true
Why does cardiac muscle (myocardium) need unique features? -
correct answers Unique functions of cardiac muscle including rapid
depolarization and high energy needs
What is the contractile unit of the heart? - correct answers
Sarcomere
What controls sarcomere contraction? - correct answers complex
proteins
What are the subdivisions of the heart used to localize abnormal
findings? - correct answers Base and apex
You are performing an annual wellness exam in a 5yo dachshund and
auscultate a right apical murmur. Your patient likely has regurgitation
of which heart valve? - correct answers Tricuspid
Define hemodynamics - correct answers Principles that govern
blood flow
, What are the 2 circulation series? - correct answers pulmonic
circulation (R) and systemic circulation (L)
T or F: cardiac output from R and L ventricles is normally equal -
correct answers TRUE
Define Cardiac Output (CO) - correct answers rate at which blood
is pumped out of the ventricles (L/min)
How does blood travel? - correct answers From high pressure to
low pressure
T or F: pressure remain consistent throughout the circulatory system -
correct answers F - blood has to have different pressures since
blood is "lazy" and wants to move from high to low pressures
Systemic circulation is _________________ pressure and pulmonary
circulation is _________________ pressure - correct answers
high;low
What 2 factors dictate blood flow? - correct answers pressure
gradients and one-way valves
T or F: The percentage of blood flow to different organs can be
modified - correct answers T - modified according to metabolic
need
