PSYCHOLOGY EXAM STUDY GUIDE
QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS
Psychology - Answer-the scientific study of behavior and mental processes
Applied Research - Answer-designed to solve specific problems
Basic Research - Answer-pure science, used to find new information
Fields of Psychology - Answer-clinical, consumer, rehabilitation, health, organizational
(industrial)
Clinical Psychology - Answer-most common psychological career; clinical psychologists
use their skills to promote health in groups and individuals
Consumer Psychology - Answer-study why people buy certain products over others
Rehabilitation Psychology - Answer-help those who have been involved in an accident
or have been ill
Health Psychology - Answer-find ways to prevent disease and promote good health
Organizational (Industrial) Psychology - Answer-try to apply psychology to help
business and organizations operate
Types of Psychologists - Answer-cognitive, social, neuropsychologist, behaviorist,
humanist, psychoanalysis
Cognitive Psychologists - Answer-focus on how people think - how they take in,
process, store, and retrieve information (Jean Piaget)
Social Psychologists - Answer-study group dynamics and how behaviors and attitudes
influence others
Neuropsychologists - Answer-explore how the brain works
Behaviorists - Answer-only study observable behaviors, not mental processes
Humanists - Answer-focus on the stuff of conscious experience, a person's freedom to
choose, and the capacity for personal growth
, Psychoanalysts - Answer-practitioners using Freud's theory of personality and
psychoanalysis-a therapeutic technique that attempts to provide insight into thoughts
and actions by exposing and interpreting the underlying unconscious motives and
conflicts
Ivan Pavlov - Answer-behaviorist, learning theorist famous for discovery of classical
conditioning
Jean Piaget - Answer-development and cognitive psychologist known for his studies of
children's thought processes
William Wundt - Answer-founder of modern psychology
E.B. Tichener - Answer-founder of structuralism (theory that the structure of conscious
experience could be understood by analyzing the basic elements of thoughts and
sensations)
William James - Answer-first American psychologist and author of the first psychology
textbook
Sigmund Freud - Answer-founder of psychoanalysis
Neuron - Answer-a nerve cell, receives/carries information
All-or-None Response - Answer-if a neuron fires, it will fire at same intensity every time
Sequence of Transmission - Answer-dendrite, cell body, axon, synapse
Dendrites - Answer-receive messages from other cells
Synapses - Answer-tiny, fluid-filled gap between the axon terminal of one neuron and
the dendrite of another neuron
Axon - Answer-passes messages away from the cell body to other neurons, muscles, or
glands
Action Potential - Answer-created when a neuron fires, neural impulse that travels from
the dendrites down the axon to the axon terminals
Myelin Sheath - Answer-covers the axon of some neurons and helps speed neural
impulses
Neurotransmitters - Answer-a chemical messenger that travels across the synapse from
one neuron to the next
QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS
Psychology - Answer-the scientific study of behavior and mental processes
Applied Research - Answer-designed to solve specific problems
Basic Research - Answer-pure science, used to find new information
Fields of Psychology - Answer-clinical, consumer, rehabilitation, health, organizational
(industrial)
Clinical Psychology - Answer-most common psychological career; clinical psychologists
use their skills to promote health in groups and individuals
Consumer Psychology - Answer-study why people buy certain products over others
Rehabilitation Psychology - Answer-help those who have been involved in an accident
or have been ill
Health Psychology - Answer-find ways to prevent disease and promote good health
Organizational (Industrial) Psychology - Answer-try to apply psychology to help
business and organizations operate
Types of Psychologists - Answer-cognitive, social, neuropsychologist, behaviorist,
humanist, psychoanalysis
Cognitive Psychologists - Answer-focus on how people think - how they take in,
process, store, and retrieve information (Jean Piaget)
Social Psychologists - Answer-study group dynamics and how behaviors and attitudes
influence others
Neuropsychologists - Answer-explore how the brain works
Behaviorists - Answer-only study observable behaviors, not mental processes
Humanists - Answer-focus on the stuff of conscious experience, a person's freedom to
choose, and the capacity for personal growth
, Psychoanalysts - Answer-practitioners using Freud's theory of personality and
psychoanalysis-a therapeutic technique that attempts to provide insight into thoughts
and actions by exposing and interpreting the underlying unconscious motives and
conflicts
Ivan Pavlov - Answer-behaviorist, learning theorist famous for discovery of classical
conditioning
Jean Piaget - Answer-development and cognitive psychologist known for his studies of
children's thought processes
William Wundt - Answer-founder of modern psychology
E.B. Tichener - Answer-founder of structuralism (theory that the structure of conscious
experience could be understood by analyzing the basic elements of thoughts and
sensations)
William James - Answer-first American psychologist and author of the first psychology
textbook
Sigmund Freud - Answer-founder of psychoanalysis
Neuron - Answer-a nerve cell, receives/carries information
All-or-None Response - Answer-if a neuron fires, it will fire at same intensity every time
Sequence of Transmission - Answer-dendrite, cell body, axon, synapse
Dendrites - Answer-receive messages from other cells
Synapses - Answer-tiny, fluid-filled gap between the axon terminal of one neuron and
the dendrite of another neuron
Axon - Answer-passes messages away from the cell body to other neurons, muscles, or
glands
Action Potential - Answer-created when a neuron fires, neural impulse that travels from
the dendrites down the axon to the axon terminals
Myelin Sheath - Answer-covers the axon of some neurons and helps speed neural
impulses
Neurotransmitters - Answer-a chemical messenger that travels across the synapse from
one neuron to the next
