MICROBIOLOGY EXAM 100 QUESTIONS
& ANSWERS 2023/2024 UPDATE
Incubation period - ANSWER-a period from the time of
infection to the time clinical signs appear
convalescent carrier animals - ANSWER-animals that had the
disease and have recover but are still passing the
microorganisms
sub clinically infected animals - ANSWER-animals that have not
shown any signs of the illness but still are carrying and
spreading the microorganisms (contact carriers)
Inanimate sources - ANSWER-soil, water, decaying vegetation
opportunistic infection - ANSWER-when disease is caused by
organisms that are ordinarily considered nonpathogenic
nosocomial infections - ANSWER-hospital, fomites, iatrogenic
disease
respiratory tract (inhalation and infection) transmission -
ANSWER-droplet infection, dust-borne infection, may remain
suspended in the air for hours
alimentary tract (ingestion and infection) transmission -
ANSWER-direct from other animals, contaminated feed and
water sources
, skin/mucous membranes (inoculation or infection)
transmission - ANSWER-simple contact, injection -
biting/sucking insect, contaminated needle, contaminated
equipment, wound infection
genital tract transmission - ANSWER-natural - coitus
iatrogenic - contaminated AI semen, contaminated equipment,
catheters
transplacental infection transmission - ANSWER-abortions,
stillborn, carriers (Ex: BVD), cynical infected newborns
umbilicus transmission - ANSWER-prenatal
postnatal - common
vertical transmission - ANSWER-transmission from the mother
to the fetus in utero, to the newborn during birth, or with the
newborn ingesting colostrum
horizontal transmission - ANSWER-transmission of disease from
animal to animal and indirect and direct contact
nosocomial infections transmission - ANSWER-an infection
acquired during hospitalization
nosocomial hospital infection - ANSWER-acquired infections
(HAI) - airborne, oral, direct contact, contact with fomites
nosocomial fomites infection - ANSWER-contaminated
inanimate objects (bedding, bowls, fences, litter, and food)
nosocomial iatrogenic disease infection - ANSWER-disease
caused by inadvertently by a medical treatment or procedure
& ANSWERS 2023/2024 UPDATE
Incubation period - ANSWER-a period from the time of
infection to the time clinical signs appear
convalescent carrier animals - ANSWER-animals that had the
disease and have recover but are still passing the
microorganisms
sub clinically infected animals - ANSWER-animals that have not
shown any signs of the illness but still are carrying and
spreading the microorganisms (contact carriers)
Inanimate sources - ANSWER-soil, water, decaying vegetation
opportunistic infection - ANSWER-when disease is caused by
organisms that are ordinarily considered nonpathogenic
nosocomial infections - ANSWER-hospital, fomites, iatrogenic
disease
respiratory tract (inhalation and infection) transmission -
ANSWER-droplet infection, dust-borne infection, may remain
suspended in the air for hours
alimentary tract (ingestion and infection) transmission -
ANSWER-direct from other animals, contaminated feed and
water sources
, skin/mucous membranes (inoculation or infection)
transmission - ANSWER-simple contact, injection -
biting/sucking insect, contaminated needle, contaminated
equipment, wound infection
genital tract transmission - ANSWER-natural - coitus
iatrogenic - contaminated AI semen, contaminated equipment,
catheters
transplacental infection transmission - ANSWER-abortions,
stillborn, carriers (Ex: BVD), cynical infected newborns
umbilicus transmission - ANSWER-prenatal
postnatal - common
vertical transmission - ANSWER-transmission from the mother
to the fetus in utero, to the newborn during birth, or with the
newborn ingesting colostrum
horizontal transmission - ANSWER-transmission of disease from
animal to animal and indirect and direct contact
nosocomial infections transmission - ANSWER-an infection
acquired during hospitalization
nosocomial hospital infection - ANSWER-acquired infections
(HAI) - airborne, oral, direct contact, contact with fomites
nosocomial fomites infection - ANSWER-contaminated
inanimate objects (bedding, bowls, fences, litter, and food)
nosocomial iatrogenic disease infection - ANSWER-disease
caused by inadvertently by a medical treatment or procedure
