WGU D236 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL EXAM-WITH
100% VERIFIED SOLUTIONS-/A+ GRADE
What is allergic asthma associated with? - ANSWER: Type 1 Hypersensitivity; IgE
mediated
What are the S&S of ARDS? - ANSWER: SOB, Shallow Rapid Breathing, Atelectasis
(aveoli close), Dyspnea, Inspiratory Crackles, Respiratory Alkalosis, Decreased Lung
Compliance, Hypoxemia
What are the S&S of tension pneumothorax? - ANSWER: Pressure that builds up and
pushes the trachea towards the unaffected side; Absent breath sounds over affected
lung
What is cystic fibrosis? - ANSWER: Excessive mucous coating in the lungs and
pancreas; Genetic Disorder (Autosomal Recessive)
Changes with an asthma attack: - ANSWER: Wheezing, SOB, Bronchoconstriction,
Dyspnea, Tachypnea (rapid breathing)
How do you interpret ABG's? - ANSWER: 1. Look at pH (acidosis - low or alkalosis -
high)
2. Check the CO2 (resp. indicator) - less than 35 (alkalosis) more than 45 (acidosis)
3. Check the HCO3 (metabolic indicator) - less than 22 (acidosis) more than 26
(alkalosis)
4. Determine primary disorder (matches the pH)
5. Determine if its compensated (pH returns to normal or near normal)
Respiratory Acidosis: What happens to the pH/CO2? - ANSWER: Elevation (increase)
of pCO2 -- Decreased pH (acidosis)
Respiratory Alkalosis: What happens to the pH/CO2? - ANSWER: Depression
(decrease) of pCO2 -- Increased pH (alkalosis)
Metabolic Acidosis: What happens to the pH/HCO3? - ANSWER: Depression
(decrease) of HCO3 -- Decreased pH (acidosis)
Metabolic Alkalosis: What happens to the pH/HCO3? - ANSWER: Elevation (increase)
of HCO3 -- Increased pH (alkalosis)
What are signs of renal cancer? - ANSWER: No pain! Hematuria (Blood in the Urine)
How do you manage end stage renal disease? - ANSWER: Dialysis, Fluid Restriction,
Low Protein Diet, Decrease Medication Doses, Anti-hypertensive, Give Ca
Supplements, Give Erythropoietin Shot, Give Iron Supplements/Blood Transfusion
(anemic)
, What do you call kidney pain? - ANSWER: Nephralgia
What is the most helpful test to determine renal function? - ANSWER: Creatinine
What bacteria is associated with acute pyelonephritis? - ANSWER: E. coli
What is the treatment for pre-renal kidney failure? - ANSWER: Hypovolemia - Give
Fluids
What causes acute intrarenal failure? - ANSWER: Kidney Stones (renal calculi), Renal
Ischemia
What do we see associated with SIADH? - ANSWER: Fluid Retention (edema),
Crackles in Lungs, Hypertension, Decreased Sodium (diluted)
What causes myxedema coma? - ANSWER: Hypothyroidism
What is the main underlying condition for Type I and Type II Diabetes? - ANSWER:
Impaired Glucose Transport
What is the difference between Type I and Type II Diabetes? - ANSWER: Type I -
Complete lack of insulin (Hyperglycemia)
Type II - Insulin resistance on the cells
What would we see with hypoparathyroidism? - ANSWER: Decrease of Calcium
(softer bones), Positive Chvostek's Sign, Tetany/Hyperactivity of Muscles/Tremors
What is the therapy for Type I Diabetes? - ANSWER: Give Insulin
What is the therapy for Type II Diabetes? - ANSWER: Diet, Exercise, Oral
Antihyperglycemic Medicine (sensitizes cells to take up insulin)
What are some complications of Diabetes? - ANSWER: Paresthesia, Neuropathy,
Retinopathy, Cardiac Problems, Hypertension, Nephropathy
What is Celiac Spruce? What should you avoid? - ANSWER: Gluten Intolerance
Avoid Wheat Products: Wheat, Rye, Barley
What do we associate with hepatic encephalopathy? - ANSWER: Increased Ammonia
Levels
How do histamine antagonists work to manage peptic ulcer disease? - ANSWER: Acts
of H2 receptors - Coats the stomach and decreases the secretion of stomach acids
What are the 2 types of inflammatory bowel disorders? - ANSWER: Chron's Disease
Ulcerative Colitis
100% VERIFIED SOLUTIONS-/A+ GRADE
What is allergic asthma associated with? - ANSWER: Type 1 Hypersensitivity; IgE
mediated
What are the S&S of ARDS? - ANSWER: SOB, Shallow Rapid Breathing, Atelectasis
(aveoli close), Dyspnea, Inspiratory Crackles, Respiratory Alkalosis, Decreased Lung
Compliance, Hypoxemia
What are the S&S of tension pneumothorax? - ANSWER: Pressure that builds up and
pushes the trachea towards the unaffected side; Absent breath sounds over affected
lung
What is cystic fibrosis? - ANSWER: Excessive mucous coating in the lungs and
pancreas; Genetic Disorder (Autosomal Recessive)
Changes with an asthma attack: - ANSWER: Wheezing, SOB, Bronchoconstriction,
Dyspnea, Tachypnea (rapid breathing)
How do you interpret ABG's? - ANSWER: 1. Look at pH (acidosis - low or alkalosis -
high)
2. Check the CO2 (resp. indicator) - less than 35 (alkalosis) more than 45 (acidosis)
3. Check the HCO3 (metabolic indicator) - less than 22 (acidosis) more than 26
(alkalosis)
4. Determine primary disorder (matches the pH)
5. Determine if its compensated (pH returns to normal or near normal)
Respiratory Acidosis: What happens to the pH/CO2? - ANSWER: Elevation (increase)
of pCO2 -- Decreased pH (acidosis)
Respiratory Alkalosis: What happens to the pH/CO2? - ANSWER: Depression
(decrease) of pCO2 -- Increased pH (alkalosis)
Metabolic Acidosis: What happens to the pH/HCO3? - ANSWER: Depression
(decrease) of HCO3 -- Decreased pH (acidosis)
Metabolic Alkalosis: What happens to the pH/HCO3? - ANSWER: Elevation (increase)
of HCO3 -- Increased pH (alkalosis)
What are signs of renal cancer? - ANSWER: No pain! Hematuria (Blood in the Urine)
How do you manage end stage renal disease? - ANSWER: Dialysis, Fluid Restriction,
Low Protein Diet, Decrease Medication Doses, Anti-hypertensive, Give Ca
Supplements, Give Erythropoietin Shot, Give Iron Supplements/Blood Transfusion
(anemic)
, What do you call kidney pain? - ANSWER: Nephralgia
What is the most helpful test to determine renal function? - ANSWER: Creatinine
What bacteria is associated with acute pyelonephritis? - ANSWER: E. coli
What is the treatment for pre-renal kidney failure? - ANSWER: Hypovolemia - Give
Fluids
What causes acute intrarenal failure? - ANSWER: Kidney Stones (renal calculi), Renal
Ischemia
What do we see associated with SIADH? - ANSWER: Fluid Retention (edema),
Crackles in Lungs, Hypertension, Decreased Sodium (diluted)
What causes myxedema coma? - ANSWER: Hypothyroidism
What is the main underlying condition for Type I and Type II Diabetes? - ANSWER:
Impaired Glucose Transport
What is the difference between Type I and Type II Diabetes? - ANSWER: Type I -
Complete lack of insulin (Hyperglycemia)
Type II - Insulin resistance on the cells
What would we see with hypoparathyroidism? - ANSWER: Decrease of Calcium
(softer bones), Positive Chvostek's Sign, Tetany/Hyperactivity of Muscles/Tremors
What is the therapy for Type I Diabetes? - ANSWER: Give Insulin
What is the therapy for Type II Diabetes? - ANSWER: Diet, Exercise, Oral
Antihyperglycemic Medicine (sensitizes cells to take up insulin)
What are some complications of Diabetes? - ANSWER: Paresthesia, Neuropathy,
Retinopathy, Cardiac Problems, Hypertension, Nephropathy
What is Celiac Spruce? What should you avoid? - ANSWER: Gluten Intolerance
Avoid Wheat Products: Wheat, Rye, Barley
What do we associate with hepatic encephalopathy? - ANSWER: Increased Ammonia
Levels
How do histamine antagonists work to manage peptic ulcer disease? - ANSWER: Acts
of H2 receptors - Coats the stomach and decreases the secretion of stomach acids
What are the 2 types of inflammatory bowel disorders? - ANSWER: Chron's Disease
Ulcerative Colitis
