©NINJANERD 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.
PHAR 100 - Module 1 Exam Questions
and Answers 100% Solved
drugs - ✔✔any substance received by a biological system that is not for
nutritional purposes
pharmacology - ✔✔science of drugs including their uses, effects, and
modes of action
Influence of poison: Curare - ✔✔Used as poison: indigenous people of the
amazon used to dip their bows in it because it caused paralysis and death
Used as a drug: used by anesthesiologists to relax a muscle during surgery
influence of poison: ergot - ✔✔Poison: poison fungus that grows in bread
and killed a bunch of people in the medieval times
drug: used to prevent migraines because it constricts blood flow
Drugs acting on the brain: Reserpine and Chlorpromazine - ✔✔discovery:
the extracts of a rauwolfia plant were used by Indian medicine to reduce
anxiety and blood pressure
,©NINJANERD 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.
therapeutic uses: chlorpromazine is preferred to be used for mental
patients that reserpine because its easier to dose it correctly. Converts
anxious tense people into calm people
Drugs acting on the brain: Lysergic and diethylamide (LSD) - ✔✔discovery:
a Swiss pharmaceutical was trying to make products from ergot
contribution to pharmacology: the discovery of the psychedelic effects of
LSD supported the idea that some mental illnesses might be due to
chemicals in the brain
Drugs acting on the brain: Anesthetics - ✔✔Nitrous Oxide (laughing gas): a
chemist was giving demonstrations in the 1840s, and this one man was on
the gas and gashed his leg but felt no pain. a dentist in the crowd started
using it for patients
Ether: similar properties to laughing gas
1. drug discovery - ✔✔- identify a target (receptor)
- once a compound is found that binds well to a receptor, its effects on the
molecular, cellular, and animal level are tested
- if it shows promise, it'll go on to the pre-clinical trial
2. Pre-clinical studies - ✔✔- IS IT SAFE AND EFFECTIVE?
- this testing happens before any testing on humans
, ©NINJANERD 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.
-Toxicology studies and Pharmacological studies
Toxicology studies - ✔✔- a pre-clinical study
- determines if the drug has any adverse effects on other organs
- all drugs are toxic at some level
-expensive and can take up to 6 years
Pharmacological studies - ✔✔- a pre-clinical study
- determines the detailed mechanisms of the new drug
3. Clinical trial: Initial Steps - ✔✔to test on humans, the following is
requires:
- show proof that it was safe from testing on animals
- methodology of the proposed clinical trial is required
- your drug needs to be evaluated by other scientists
4. Phase 1 Clinical Trial - ✔✔-conducted on healthy people
- carefully evaluates the effect of the drug
- tests dosages and tolerability
-doesn't assess the efficacy
5. Phase 2 Clinical Trial - ✔✔- conducted on the people with the disease
the drug aims to fix
- tests if the drug is effective on treating that disease
PHAR 100 - Module 1 Exam Questions
and Answers 100% Solved
drugs - ✔✔any substance received by a biological system that is not for
nutritional purposes
pharmacology - ✔✔science of drugs including their uses, effects, and
modes of action
Influence of poison: Curare - ✔✔Used as poison: indigenous people of the
amazon used to dip their bows in it because it caused paralysis and death
Used as a drug: used by anesthesiologists to relax a muscle during surgery
influence of poison: ergot - ✔✔Poison: poison fungus that grows in bread
and killed a bunch of people in the medieval times
drug: used to prevent migraines because it constricts blood flow
Drugs acting on the brain: Reserpine and Chlorpromazine - ✔✔discovery:
the extracts of a rauwolfia plant were used by Indian medicine to reduce
anxiety and blood pressure
,©NINJANERD 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.
therapeutic uses: chlorpromazine is preferred to be used for mental
patients that reserpine because its easier to dose it correctly. Converts
anxious tense people into calm people
Drugs acting on the brain: Lysergic and diethylamide (LSD) - ✔✔discovery:
a Swiss pharmaceutical was trying to make products from ergot
contribution to pharmacology: the discovery of the psychedelic effects of
LSD supported the idea that some mental illnesses might be due to
chemicals in the brain
Drugs acting on the brain: Anesthetics - ✔✔Nitrous Oxide (laughing gas): a
chemist was giving demonstrations in the 1840s, and this one man was on
the gas and gashed his leg but felt no pain. a dentist in the crowd started
using it for patients
Ether: similar properties to laughing gas
1. drug discovery - ✔✔- identify a target (receptor)
- once a compound is found that binds well to a receptor, its effects on the
molecular, cellular, and animal level are tested
- if it shows promise, it'll go on to the pre-clinical trial
2. Pre-clinical studies - ✔✔- IS IT SAFE AND EFFECTIVE?
- this testing happens before any testing on humans
, ©NINJANERD 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.
-Toxicology studies and Pharmacological studies
Toxicology studies - ✔✔- a pre-clinical study
- determines if the drug has any adverse effects on other organs
- all drugs are toxic at some level
-expensive and can take up to 6 years
Pharmacological studies - ✔✔- a pre-clinical study
- determines the detailed mechanisms of the new drug
3. Clinical trial: Initial Steps - ✔✔to test on humans, the following is
requires:
- show proof that it was safe from testing on animals
- methodology of the proposed clinical trial is required
- your drug needs to be evaluated by other scientists
4. Phase 1 Clinical Trial - ✔✔-conducted on healthy people
- carefully evaluates the effect of the drug
- tests dosages and tolerability
-doesn't assess the efficacy
5. Phase 2 Clinical Trial - ✔✔- conducted on the people with the disease
the drug aims to fix
- tests if the drug is effective on treating that disease
