TNCC 8TH EDITION QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

TNCC 8TH EDITION QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS




What6are6the6greatest6risks6for6transport?6-6ans--
Loss6of6airway6patency,6displaced6obstructive6tubes6lines6or6catheters,6dislodge6splinting
6devices,6need6to6replace6or6reinforce6dressings,6deterioration6in6patient6status6change6i

n6vital6signs6or6level6of6consciousness,6injury6to6the6patient6and/or6team6members

According6to6newtons6law6which6of6these6two6force6is6greater:6size6or6force?6-6ans--
Neither.6For6each6force6there6is6an6equal6and6opposite6reaction.

What6is6the6relationship6between6mass6and6velocity6to6kinetic6energy?6-6ans--
Kinetic6energy6is6equal6to61/26the6mass6multiplied6the6square6of6its6velocity6therefore6wh
en6mass6is6doubled6so6is6the6net6energy,6however,6when6velocity6is6doubled6energy6is6q
uadrupled.

What6is6tension?6-6ans--stretching6force6by6pulling6at6opposite6ends

What6is6compression?6-6ans--Crushing6by6squeezing6together

What6is6bending?6-6ans--
Loading6about6an6axis.6Bending6causes6compression6on6the6side6the6person6is6bending6t
oward6intention6to6the6opposite6side

What6is6shearing?6-6ans--
Damage6by6tearing6or6bending6by6exerting6faucet6different6parts6in6opposite6directions6at
6the6same6time.



What6is6torsion?6-6ans--Torsion6forces6twist6ends6in6opposite6directions.

What6is6combined6loading?6-6ans--
Any6combination6of6tension6compression6torsion6bending6and/or6shear.

What6are6the6four6types6of6trauma6related6injuries?6-6ans--
Blunt,6penetrating,6thermal,6or6blast.

, What6are6contributing6factors6to6injuries6related6to6blunt6traumas?6-6ans--
The6point6of6impact6on6the6patient's6body,6the6type6of6surface6that6is6hit,6the6tissues6abilit
y6to6resist6(bone6versus6soft6tissue,6air-
filled6versus6solid6organs),6and6the6trajectory6of6force.

What6are6the6seven6patterns6of6pathway6injuries6related6to6motor6vehicle6accidents?6-
6ans--Up6and6over,6down6and6under,6lateral,6rotational,6rear,6roll6over,6and6ejection.



Differentiate6between6the6three6impacts6of6motor6vehicle6impact6sequence.6-6ans--
The6first6impact6occurs6when6the6vehicle6collided6with6another6object.6The6second6impac
t6occurs6after6the6initial6impact6when6the6occupant6continues6to6move6in6the6original6direc
tion6of6travel6until6they6collide6with6the6interior6of6the6vehicle6or6meet6resistance.6The6thir
d6impact6occurs6when6internal6structures6collide6within6the6body6cavity.

What6are6the6three6factors6that6contribute6to6the6damage6caused6by6penetrating6trauma'
s?6-6ans--
The6point6of6impact,6the6velocity6and6speed6of6impact,6and6the6proximity6to6the6object.

What6causes6the6primary6effects6of6blast6traumas?6-6ans--
The6direct6blast6effects.6Types6of6injuries6include6last6long,6tympanic6membrane6rupture6
and6middle6ear6damage,6abdominal6hemorrhage6and6perforation,6global6rupture,6mild6Tr
umatic6brain6injury.

What6causes6the6secondary6effects6of6blast6traumas?6-6ans--
Projectiles6propelled6by6the6explosion.6Injuries6include6penetrating6or6blunt6injuries6or6I6p
enetration.

What6causes6the6tertiary6effects6of6blast6traumas?6-6ans--
Results6from6individuals6being6thrown6by6the6blast6wind.6Injuries6include6hole6or6partial6b
ody6translocation6from6being6thrown6against6a6hard6service:6blunt6or6penetrating6trauma'
s,6fractures,6traumatic6amputations.

What6causes6quarternary6effects6of6blast6traumas?6-6ans--
All6explosion6related6injuries,6illnesses,6or6diseases6not6due6to6the6first6three6mechanism
s.6Injuries6include6external6and6internal6burns,6crush6injuries,6closed6and6open6brain6injur
ies,6asthmatic6or6breathing6problems6from6dust6smoke6or6toxic6fumes,6angina,6or6hyper6g
lycemia6and6hypertension.

What6causes6quinary6effects6of6blasts6traumas?6-6ans--
Those6associated6with6exposure6to6hazardous6materials6from6radioactive,6biologic,6or6ch
emical6components6of6a6blast.6Injuries6include6a6variety6of6health6effects6depending6on6a
gent.

What6are6the6three6processes6that6transfer6oxygen6from6the6air6to6the6lungs6and6blood6st
ream6-6ans--
Ventilation:6the6active6mechanical6movement6of6air6into6and6out6of6the6lungs;6diffusion:6th