ILTS Practice Exam

Which of these is NOT one of the major personality structures proposed by Sigmund Freud in his psychoanalytic theory of development? A. Id B. Ego C. Libido D. Superego - answer-C. Libido Libido: apart of the Id, it represents psychic energy as well as sex drive ID: generates unconscious impulses EGO: realistically regulates acting on id impulses Superego: regulates the id and ego To support EC language development, experts advise which of the following teacher practices? A. Asking children linear or one-way questions B. Doing most of the talking in their classrooms C. Focusing on durations of verbal interactions D. Asking children more open-ended questions - answer-D. Asking children more open-ended questions Quality two/three way responses is essential According to Piaget's theory of cognitive development, _____ and ____ are processes included in the overall process of ____. A. Assimilation; accommodation; adaptation B. Adaptation; assimilation; accommodation C. Accommodation; adaptation; assimilation D. Adaptations; accommodation; equilibrium - answer-A. Assimilation; accommodation; adaptation Assimilation: fitting a new experience into an existing schema Accommodation: altering an existing schema or forming a new schema for a new experience Adaptation= assimilation and accommodation Piaget coined the term "schema" to describe: A. Mental constructs for individual objects B. Mental concepts of categories or classes C. Mental programs only for motor actions D. Mental ideas governing inborn reflexes - answer-B. Mental concepts of categories or classes The concept of object permanence is best characterized as: A. "Out of sight, out of mind" B. "Out of mind, out of sight" C. "Out of sight, still exists" D. "Out of sight, out of time" - answer-C. "Out of sight, still exists" Object permanence: realization that objects still exist when they are not there According to Piaget's theory, in what age range do children begin representing things with symbols? A. Between birth and 6 months B. Between 6 and 12 months C. Between 12 and 18 months D. Between 18 and 24 months - answer-D. Between 18 and 24 months Evident in pretend play which is correlated with 2+ A toddler sees a large, brown dog through the window and says, "Moo." This is an example of: A. Egocentrism B. Equilibrium C. Accommodation D. Assimilation - answer-D. Assimilation Toddler has a schema of large, brown, four-legged, furry animals as being cows, which correlates with Assimilation According to Piaget's theory, the term conservation means which of these? A. The idea that our natural resources are finite and hence, we must conserve them B. The idea that amounts/numbers can be retained or conserved in one's memories C. The idea that even when we cannot see an object, its existence is still conserved D. The idea that amounts/numbers are the same regardless of shape or appearance - answer-D. The idea that amounts/numbers are the same regardless of shape or appearance Conservation: ability children develop in the stage of Concrete Operations to conserve the concept of the same quantity regardless of changes in appearance. When a young child believes his/her thoughts caused something external to happen, which is the most specific Piagetian term to describe this phenomenon? A. Animism B. Centration C. Egocentrism D. Magical thinking - answer-D. Magical thinking Animism is correct; however, magical thinking is most specific. Which of the following processes occurs earliest in children? A. Inductive logic B. Conservation C. Centration D. Decentration - answer-C. Centration REMEMBER: CDCI 1. Centration: focus on one attribute of an object 2. Decentration: look at more than one attribute of an object 3. Conservation: knowledge that the amount is the same despite different appearances or shapes 4. Inductive Logic: generalizing specific events In which of the six stages of growth and development do children begin to develop a visual schema? A. Scribble B. Pre-schematic C. Schematic D. Dawning Realism - answer-B. Pre-schematic REMEM BER: SPSD Scribble: uncontrolled-controlled-naming scribbles Pre-schematic: Schematic: 7-9 years- realistic proportions Dawning Realism: 9-11 years- representational drawings Which of the following is most effective for teaching pre-math and manipulative skills to preschool children? A. Giving them solid objects to manipulate physically B. Giving them information for mental manipulation C. Giving them math processes to memorize by rote D. Giving them lessons to listen to while they sit still - answer-A. Giving them solid objects to manipulate physically At what age do children typically undergo the second of three periods of language/communication development? A. From 0-6 mo B. From 6-18 mo C. From 8-12 mo D, From 18-24 mo - answer-B. From 6-18 mo 3 Developmental Periods: 1. Crying and eye contact for expressive behaviors B-6mo 2. Intentional communication 6-18 mo 3. Language as primary method of communication 18mo+ Which of the following is most typical of the language development of a two-year-old? A. Using three-word sentences with ease B. Knowing and naming major body parts C. Using at least two pronouns correctly D. Using about three pronouns correctly - answer-C. Using at least two pronouns correctly Answers A,B, and D are typical for a three-year-old Which of these is more typical of the language development of a two to three year old than of a preschooler? A. Describing unseen objects B. Telling "make-believe" stories C. Speaking in complete sentences D. Expressing opinions/preferences - answer-D. Expressing opinions/preferences Toddler years are expressive of opinions. Think- "terrible twos" mad when they do not get what they want, in result expressing their opinion. Which of these is correct about one-on-one vs. Group conversations between adults and young children? A. Adults should discuss one on one during whole-group preschool activities B. Adults can better reinforce what children say in group discussions C. Adults have less chance to extend what children say in one on one context D. Adults can better elicit children's abstract idea comprehension one on one - answer-D. Adults can better elicit children's abstract idea comprehension one on one One on one conversation will be more meaningful for assessment purposes as well as child vocabulary development and relationship building. Which of the following teacher actions is most effective for fostering greater depth of preschoolers' compression of word meanings? A. Focusing on one definition for a new vocabulary word B. Introducing new concepts separately from new words C. Limiting added information to simplify comprehension D. Giving multiple definitions and examples of new words - answer-D. Giving multiple definitions and examples of new words There are multiple learning mechanisms and ways for children and people to learn, not everyone will understand something one specific way. What is correct about how teachers can support young children's language development when the children tell stories? A. Teachers should not supply a vocabulary word I the child does not know it B. When listening to children's storytelling, teacher should not ask questions C. Storytelling permits young children to exercise their powers of imagination D. Teachers should let children express their ideas without building onto them - answer-C. Storytelling permits young children to exercise their powers of imagination Build upon and ask questions, this will further children's development! What is the most typical age for children to understand common opposites like big/little, hot/cold, etc.? A. Three years old B. Five years old C. Two years old D. Four years old - answer-B. Five years old According to Roger Brown's (1973) Stage I sentence types, which of these is classified under "Operations of Reference"? A. Negation B. Action C. Agent D. Entity - answer-A. Negation In Brown's (1973) Stage of Syntactical and Morphological Development, which of these age ranges is associated with what he designated as Stage I? A. 12-24 mo B. 15-30 mo C. 24-36 mo D. 28-36mo - answer-B. 15-30 mo A child who correctly uses irregular past tenses of verbs, e.g. Went, fell, froze, etc., would be in which of Roger Brown's Stages of Syntactic and Morphological Development? A. Stage I B. Stage II C. Stage III D. Stage IV - answer-C. Stage III According to Roger Brown, a child who indicates the regular plural by saying "My toys" is in which of his Stages of Syntactic and Morphological Development? A. Stage V B. Stage IV C. Stage III D. Stage II - answer-D. Stage II When characterizing young children, what did Vygotsky mean by the term "private speech" that he coined? A. Speaking in private dialogue with another child B. Speaking in private conversations with an adult C. Speaking silently to themselves in their minds D. Speaking aloud to themselves during activities - answer-D. Speaking aloud to themselves during activities Among the following auditory disabilities, which one does not involve any part of the hearing mechanism? A. Only sensorineural-type hearing loss B. The conductive form of hearing loss C. Central auditory processing disorder D. The condition of complete deafness - answer-C. Central auditory processing disorder